影响大学生“挫折容耐力”提高的因素及对策探讨

挫折容耐力的强弱与大学生心理素质的高低 ,与能否成为社会所需要的复合型人才具有环环相扣的内在联系。当代大学生心理问题有上升趋势表明 ,大学生的挫折容耐力亟待提高。社会环境的日益复杂化 ,人生信念的弱化 ,形而上学的思维方式以及自信与自卑两极心态的存在是影响大学生挫折容耐力提高的因素。提高大学生挫折容耐力的对策有 :加强非智力因素和理性思辨能力的培养 ,加强理想信念教育 ,加强心理健康教育。     

创建语篇分析语用模式的必要性及其哲学基础

文章探讨了语篇分析和语用学这两个语言学分相学科的关系,说明两者结合的可能性。创建语篇分析语用模式,不仅有利于语篇分析体系的完善,而且有助于语用学学科的成熟发展。文章从语篇的交际活动性质、认知活动性质以及语篇活动性质出发,阐述了创建语篇分析语用模式的哲学基础。     

Industrialization, class structure, and social mobility in postwar Japan

This study examines intergenerational class mobility in Japan using cross-national comparisons with Western nations and cross-temporal comparisons of five national surveys conducted in postwar Japan. Cross-national comparisons highlight the similarity in relative mobility pattern between Japan and Western nations and at the same time the Japanese distinctiveness in absolute mobility rates especially regarding the demographic character of the Japanese manual working class. The results of cross-temporal comparisons of mobility pattern report some systematic trends in total mobility, inflow and outflow rates, reflecting the Japanese experience of late but rapid industrialization. The pattern of association between class origin and class destination, however, was stable in postwar Japan. It is therefore the combination of distinctive absolute mobility rates and similar relative mobility rates that characterizes the Japanese mobility pattern in comparison with the Western experience. Furthermore, Japan's distinctive pattern of postwar social mobility is characterized by a combination of rapidly changing absolute mobility rates and comparatively stable relative mobility rates.     

“网络社会”的伦理分析及对策

"网络社会"是一个全新的世界,网络发展作为一场意义深远的科技革命,在给道德进步提供机遇的同时,也带来了许多不容忽视的问题.这些问题反映了人自身发展的一种危机,走出这种危机,战胜这种危机,关键还要靠人自己.     

东晋诗歌哲理化思潮探析

魏晋是一个"哲学时代",哲思对文学的广泛影响是我们研究魏晋文学时不应回避的,只有客观公正地对待这一影响,才能正确理解魏晋文学的发展历程及其在文学史上的价值.本文拟从这一视角,对东晋诗歌哲理化之特征、成因、影响作初步探析.     

慈善行为的经济学分析

在将经济学中的"理性人”假设引入慈善理论的基础上,仿效经济学中的消费理论建立了数学模型,分析了慈善行为的影响因素和激励措施,最后根据上述模型分析了我国慈善事业发展中的若干问题.     

创新发展走向世界--关于21世纪中国社会科学走向的几点思考

改革开放20年来,中国哲学社会科学取得了五大成就,已经进入了大创新、大发展的前沿.21世纪,必将是理论创新的轴心时代将从个别观点、个别结论的创新转换到整体理论、方法论创新和基础理论的创新;从单一学科、单一视野的创新转换到综合创新、交叉创新和新学科群的崛起;从无序竞争转换到规范创新.中国哲学社会科学规划应当强化"国家意识"、建立"国家目标"、设立"国家工程".创新发展,走向世界这就是21世纪中国社会科学的基本走向.     

Use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis with a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Methylmercury to Estimate Exposures in U.S. Women of Childbearing Age

A Bayesian approach, implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, was applied with a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of methylmercury (MeHg) to evaluate the variability of MeHg exposure in women of childbearing age in the U.S. population. The analysis made use of the newly available National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) blood and hair mercury concentration data for women of age 16–49 years (sample size, 1,582). Bayesian analysis was performed to estimate the population variability in MeHg exposure (daily ingestion rate) implied by the variation in blood and hair concentrations of mercury in the NHANES database. The measured variability in the NHANES blood and hair data represents the result of a process that includes interindividual variation in exposure to MeHg and interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics (distribution, clearance) of MeHg. The PBPK model includes a number of pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., tissue volumes, partition coefficients, rate constants for metabolism and elimination) that can vary from individual to individual within the subpopulation of interest. Using MCMC analysis, it was possible to combine prior distributions of the PBPK model parameters with the NHANES blood and hair data, as well as with kinetic data from controlled human exposures to MeHg, to derive posterior distributions that refine the estimates of both the population exposure distribution and the pharmacokinetic parameters. In general, based on the populations surveyed by NHANES, the results of the MCMC analysis indicate that a small fraction, less than 1%, of the U.S. population of women of childbearing age may have mercury exposures greater than the EPA RfD for MeHg of 0.1 μg/kgg/day, and that there are few, if any, exposures greater than the ATSDR MRL of 0.3 μgg/kgg/day. The analysis also indicates that typical exposures may be greater than previously estimated from food consumption surveys, but that the variability in exposure within the population of U.S. women of childbearing age may be less than previously assumed.     

Semi-online scheduling with “end of sequence” information

We study a variant of classical scheduling, which is called scheduling with “end of sequence” information. It is known in advance that the last job has the longest processing time. Moreover, the last job is marked, and thus it is known for every new job whether it is the final job of the sequence. We explore this model on two uniformly related machines, that is, two machines with possibly different speeds. Two objectives are considered, maximizing the minimum completion time and minimizing the maximum completion time (makespan). Let s be the speed ratio between the two machines, we consider the competitive ratios which are possible to achieve for the two problems as functions of s. We present algorithms for different values of s and lower bounds on the competitive ratio. The proposed algorithms are best possible for a wide range of values of s. For the overall competitive ratio, we show tight bounds of ϕ + 1 ≈ 2.618 for the first problem, and upper and lower bounds of 1.5 and 1.46557 for the second problem. The authors would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague and friend Yong He who passed away in August 2005 after struggling with illness. D. Ye: Research was supported in part by NSFC (10601048).     

印度对中国崛起的认知

在中印共同崛起的大背景下,探究印度对中国崛起的认知尤为必要。通过皮尤＂全球态度调查＂项目的数据可见印度对中国崛起的认知呈现＂负面＂态势。究其原因,在个人层面,印度公众对中国的无知与冷漠以及某些媒体记者对中国的歪曲报道直接造成这一结果;在国家层面,中印之间在边界争端、西藏问题、中印巴和中美印这四个关键议题上存在分歧,而这些敏感的议题又通过媒体的肆意渲染而影响印度公众对中国崛起的认知;印度公众对中国崛起的认知源于中印之间存在的＂安全困境＂。