西方金融创新理论述评

西方对金融创新首先提出理论解释的是约束引致假说和管制理论。约束引致假说认为金融创新是银行试图降低与特定资产负债表约束关联的成本。管制理论认为金融创新是管制者和被管制者之间持续的斗争。不完全市场理论认为新金融产品仅仅是金融工具特定因素组合的变化。证券设计和不完全市场模型是以一般均衡理论对金融创新过程模型化。目前尚无金融创新普遍认可和统一的理论。     

中国传统纹饰与现代设计

面对中国的设计现状,我们应该倡导民族文化和先进文化,使中国的传统文化艺术在现代设计中得以延伸发展,打造新的民族形式,在理解的基础上取其“形”、延其“意”、从而传其“神”,用中国传统文化精粹,以现代化国际化语言来表达,使民族的文化精神和世界的设计语言,共同融汇成现代设计艺术的主流,必定会使现代设计更具文化性与社会性。     

对现代期刊封面装帧设计的再认识

改革开放以后,期刊封面装帧设计在“全球一体化”的趋势下,正以崭新的面貌呈现在国内外读者面前,在人文性、个性化、时尚性、市场性等方面突显出与时代同步的特征。如何与时俱进的创造出具有本民族特色的期刊装帧设计风格,将是值得深思的问题。     

论色彩设计的回归

现代设计之后的设计思想与实践不仅从环保的、生态的角度积极探讨研究通过设计建立新型的人与自然的和谐共生关系,而且尊重不同的文化,弘扬人文主义精神,并且取得了许多成就。但色彩设计作为现代设计中的重要因素,从设计理论研究和实践应用两方面都还存在不足。文章立足于色彩和色彩设计的本质属性,对色彩和色彩设计的概念、现象及应用进行反思和再认识,主张色彩设计应回归自然本质和人文精神的体现,并在色彩设计中建立系统观念,更好地对色彩设计进行定位。这样才能满足现代设计发展的需要,发挥色彩设计更大的作用。     

产品设计与文化策略

随着社会经济的发展,人们对现代产品已不再满足产品功能带来的物质享受,而是更多地追求产品的文化内涵和艺术价值。因此,现代产品设计应加强文化策略,赋予产品以文化品格,从而体现产品设计的独特文化风格和精神魅力,使现代产品设计在国际市场竞争中立于不败之地。     

招贴设计的方法论研究

招贴设计的方法论研究是平面设计基础理论的一个重要支系,由于招贴设计自身的复杂性,与之对应的方法论研究不应等同于一般的设计方法论.文章突破了旧有的研究体系,尝试从哲学、图像学、潜意识等多个角度去剖析创意生成的奥秘,进而引导初学者完成创意的构思.     

Finite mixture of regression models for a stratified sample

Despite the popularity and importance, there is limited work on modelling data which come from complex survey design using finite mixture models. In this work, we explored the use of finite mixture regression models when the samples were drawn using a complex survey design. In particular, we considered modelling data collected based on stratified sampling design. We developed a new design-based inference where we integrated sampling weights in the complete-data log-likelihood function. The expectation–maximisation algorithm was developed accordingly. A simulation study was conducted to compare the new methodology with the usual finite mixture of a regression model. The comparison was done using bias-variance components of mean square error. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted to assess the ability of the Bayesian information criterion to select the optimal number of components under the proposed modelling approach. The methodology was implemented on real data with good results.     

A comparison of recent nonparametric methods for testing effects in two-by-two factorial designs

The two-way two-levels crossed factorial design is a commonly used design by practitioners at the exploratory phase of industrial experiments. The F-test in the usual linear model for analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a key instrument to assess the impact of each factor and of their interactions on the response variable. However, if assumptions such as normal distribution and homoscedasticity of errors are violated, the conventional wisdom is to resort to nonparametric tests. Nonparametric methods, rank-based as well as permutation, have been a subject of recent investigations to make them effective in testing the hypotheses of interest and to improve their performance in small sample situations. In this study, we assess the performances of some nonparametric methods and, more importantly, we compare their powers. Specifically, we examine three permutation methods (Constrained Synchronized Permutations, Unconstrained Synchronized Permutations and Wald-Type Permutation Test), a rank-based method (Aligned Rank Transform) and a parametric method (ANOVA-Type Test). In the simulations, we generate datasets with different configurations of distribution of errors, variance, factor's effect and number of replicates. The objective is to elicit practical advice and guides to practitioners regarding the sensitivity of the tests in the various configurations, the conditions under which some tests cannot be used, the tradeoff between power and type I error, and the bias of the power on one main factor analysis due to the presence of effect of the other factor. A dataset from an industrial engineering experiment for thermoformed packaging production is used to illustrate the application of the various methods of analysis, taking into account the power of the test suggested by the objective of the experiment.     

Recent developments in D-optimal designs

In the paper, some issues concerned with the determining spring balance weighing designs satisfying the criterion of D-optimality under the assumption measurement errors are uncorrelated and they have the same variances are discussed. In addition, highly D-efficient spring balance weighing designs are also considered. Some conditions under which any spring balance weighing design is regular D-optimal or highly D-efficient are proved. What is more, new construction methods of regular D-optimal and highly D-efficient spring balance weighing designs are presented.     

Making space for ‘the social’: connecting sociology and professional practices in urban lighting design

Lighting is increasingly recognized as a significant social intervention by both lighting professionals and academic social scientists. However, what counts as ‘the social’ is diverse and contested, with consequences for what kind of ‘social’ is performed or invented. Based on a long‐term research programme, we argue that collaboration between sociologists and lighting professionals requires negotiating discourses and practices of ‘the social’. This paper explores the quality and kinds of spaces made for ‘the social’ in professional practices and academic collaborations, focusing on two case studies of urban lighting that demonstrate how the space of ‘the social’ is constrained and impoverished by an institutionalized division between technical and aesthetic lighting. We consider the potential role of sociologists in making more productive spaces for ‘the social’ in urban design, as part of the central sociological task of ‘inventing the social’ (Marres, Guggenheim and Wilkie 2018) in the process of studying it.