Model bias effects in small area coverage error estimation

For estimation of population totals, dual system estimation (d.s.e.) is often used. Such a procedure is known to suffer from bias under certain conditions. In the following, a simple model is proposed that combines three conditions under which bias of the DSE can result. The conditions relate to response correlation, classification and matching error. The resulting bias is termed model bias. The effects of model bias and synthetic bias in a small area estimation application are illustrated. The illustration uses simulated population data     

高等教育管理体制改革中的薪酬问题与对策

随着事业单位分类改革进程的推进,薪酬制度成为高等教育管理体制改革的重要内容之一。本文在简述我国高校薪酬体制改革历程的基础上,分析了薪酬制度改革中存在的问题与产生的原因,提出了解决问题的原则及对策。即鉴于高等教育的社会公益属性,其高校分配制度改革应着力兼顾效率与公平。     

Donating-selling tradeoffs and the influence of leaders in the environmental goods game

Contributions to environmental goods are motivated by both pecuniary incentives and environmental consciousness. Public policy often uses financial incentives to encourage contributions. However, individuals often donate their time or money to the environmental cause without such incentives. The purpose of this paper is: (a) to examine the relationship between “donating” (without monetary incentives) and “selling” behavior (motivated by monetary incentives) of individuals in the context of environmental protection and (b) to analyze the influence of a leader on individual contributions to the environmental good. The major results are: (1) there is a tradeoff/substitution between donating and selling for a given level of incentives; (2) donating is much less sensitive to changes in monetary incentives and, furthermore, there is no evidence that the increase in financial incentives to sell will crowd out donations; (3) the changes in contributions by leaders have a significant impact on followers’ behavior.     

Social trust and human development

A series of studies connect social trust to economic growth. In this paper, we explore the connection between trust and a broader measure of development, the UN Human Development Index. We find that trust is significantly associated with faster human development in the 1980–2005 period. The impact of trust occurs mainly in less democratic countries.     

Trust, tenure insecurity, and land certification in rural Ethiopia

This paper assesses the impact of a land certification program in Ethiopia on the level of interpersonal and institutional trust among households in the Amhara region. The land certification program is designed to enhance land tenure security of farmers, by maintaining (egalitarian) status quo land distribution and equity concerns. The major contribution of the analysis lies in the exogenous nature of the program which addresses the endogeneity problems that characterize related studies, assessing the impact of policy related variables on trust. The effects of the land certification program on trust are identified both by the difference-in-difference approach and by non-parametrical analysis of average treatment effects. Overall trust is found to be enhanced by the certification program, with trust towards formal institutions being more responsive to the program than interpersonal trust. The major policy implication of the result is that trust could be invested on through policy changes regarding the economic betterment of societies.     

Procrastination, prompts, and preferences: Evidence from daily records of self-directed learning activities

This paper presents evidence showing that a libertarian paternalistic intervention having significant but uneven effects on the student procrastination of a coursework assignment. We observe the degree of procrastination in a language course at a Japanese university with individuals’ electronic records of daily activities. With a quasi-experiment that generates variations in the frequency of interventions and the preference of students towards the course, we examine the effects of in-class verbal prompts by an instructor on the timing of task completion. We find that prompts affect behavior, especially when reinforced, but the responsiveness depends on the class preferences and the timing of interventions.     

环境会计在石油企业的应用

企业是经济发展的主要推动者,同时也是环境污染的罪魁祸首。石油企业作为高污染的企业之一,它对环境的保护负有不可推卸的责任。那么,在石油企业中推行环境会计,将环境管理融入企业全面管理之中并对环境成本与效益进行确认与计量成为了企业可持续发展的必由之路。     

个性化推荐系统描述文件攻击检测方法

个性化推荐系统能产生针对性的、个性化的信息来满足不同用户需求,但也很容易受到用户描述文件注入恶意攻击,影响正常的推荐结果。针对该问题,分析和研究了描述文件的形式化模型、描述文件的属性及分类方法,应用粗糙集理论,设计了数据预处理离散化、决策表约简和个性化推荐处理相应算法,提出了一种用户描述文件分类学习和攻击检测的方法;为降低攻击对推荐结果的影响,完善了推荐系统的安全,设计出一种动态交互的个性化推荐模型框架。实例证明,用户描述文件的属性分类及检测方法是有效的,准确率高,能够有效地改善个性化推荐系统模型的安全。     

网络社群的社会组织特征浅析

互联网兴起和发展,大大拓宽了人类生活的空间,同时也营造了规模较大且数量众多的网络群体。正确认识网络社群的形成及其分类,深入研究网络社群的社会组织特征,将有助于网络社群的发展,促使网络社群在人类社会生活中发挥更为积极的作用。