西方翻译理论流派划分探索

鉴于目前西方翻译理论流派划分中存在范围不同、标准不同、名称各异的情况,从宏观的角度以翻译的研究层次为标准把西方翻译理论分为三大流派：文艺学派、语言学派和文化学派。文艺学派包括语文学派和阐释学派,语言学派主要由对等派、功能派和认知派构成,而文化学派则涵盖了翻译研究派、解构主义翻译理论、女性主义翻译理论、后殖民主义翻译理论以及综合法,其中翻译研究派又可进一步切分为多元系统理论、规范理论和操纵理论。通过从新的视角进行讨论,有助于翻译研究者对西方翻译理论的流派划分能达成更多的共识。     

基于社会分工的高校学术职业分层分类

社会分工将社会活动分裂成若干种不同而又相互联系的职业,学术职业是其中一种。学术职业作为以高深知识为工作对象的特定职业,在历史变迁过程中其功能和结构在不断地发生变化,逐渐形成了一个多类型多层级的职业。学术职业的分类与高校组织定位和教师个体发展旨趣相关,而高校学术职业的分层分级更多依赖教师的高深知识存量与价值增量,是对教师学术能力和学术贡献相对大小的评价。学术职业的分类分层体现了不同层类的学校,不同学科专业以及不同层类的教师处理高深知识方式的不同,体现出不同层级教师之间的地位差异。     

自然人民事行为能力制度的类型化及其效力——兼论我国现行民事行为能力制度之完善

民事行为能力制度在本质上是民法理性主义和民事权利能力制度的实证贯彻,而民事行为能力制度的类型化则是实现自然人的人格自由的法律保障。类型化的行为能力制度的直接目的是确定各类行为能力人的行为在法律上的不同效果,其根本目的则旨在保障意思能力欠缺者的合法权益,并兼顾交易安全。其中,类型化的基础是自然人的意思能力,类型化的标准则是以年龄标准为主线,同时辅之以精神健康标准,类型化的具体种类包括以德国法为代表的三级制与以日本法为代表的两级制。三级制与两级制模式的区别主要集中于关于无行为能力制度的立法取舍和对于限制行为能力人所为行为的效力规定上。其中,三级制模式关于无行为能力制度的立法规定存在重大改进之必要,而两级制模式对于限制行为能力人所为行为的效力规定也存在理论逻辑上的混乱。我国现行的民事行为能力制度,在类型化制度的具体构造和各类行为能力人的行为效力规定方面,都存在诸多的完善空间。     

新建应用型大学师资队伍建设基本问题的内在逻辑

新建应用型大学以建设和发展应用型学科和专业为主，培养从事专业实际工作的应用型人才，这就决定了新建应用型大学师资队伍建设的内在逻辑是：以应用为指引方针，对应用型与非应用型、专职与兼职、教学型、教学科研型及科研型教师进行分类指导是根本原则，提升教师个人及整个师资队伍的应用能力是核心战略，而提升能力的基本途径则是加强团队合作，校地、校企、校际合作和国际合作。应用指引、分类指导、能力提升和合作途径等四个基本问题，都贯穿着体制机制的建设与创新，乃题中应有之义。     

The Euclidean distance classifier: an alternative to the linear discriminant function

The sample linear discriminant function (LDF) is known to perform poorly when the number of features p is large relative to the size of the training samples, A simple and rarely applied alternative to the sample LDF is the sample Euclidean distance classifier (EDC). Raudys and Pikelis (1980) have compared the sample LDF with three other discriminant functions, including thesample EDC, when classifying individuals from two spherical normal populations. They have concluded that the sample EDC outperforms the sample LDF when p is large relative to the training sample size. This paper derives conditions for which the two classifiers are equivalent when all parameters are known and employs a Monte Carlo simulation to compare the sample EDC with the sample LDF no only for the spherical normal case but also for several nonspherical parameter configurations. Fo many practical situations, the sample EDC performs as well as or superior to the sample LDF, even for nonspherical covariance configurations.     

山西民俗文化旅游资源及其开发研究

旅游业主要是资源指向型产业,民俗旅游的开展依赖的是民俗旅游资源。山西省历史悠久,文化底蕴深厚,民俗旅游资源不仅类型多而且价值高。然而诸多资源至今仍然"养在深闺人未识"。为了使该区宝贵的民俗旅游资源优势得以更好地发挥其作用,本文从民俗学、旅游学交叉渗透研究的角度入手,参考自然地理学、经济地理学相关理论,结合文献资料研究与资源实地调查考证两种研究方法,并应用Coreldraw图形制作技术,对山西的民俗文化旅游资源进行了系统的分类及分区整理,共划分出四个大类、四个大区。在此基础上,本文还从品牌塑造、开发的时空顺序及区域联合等方面进一步对山西民俗旅游的开发提出了合理性的战略构想。     

作为非物质文化的民间美术分类

作为非物质文化的民间美术是一种长久被忽视的活态文化传统,其分类学方面的研究现状仍是十分薄弱和滞后的。这使民间美术研究和教学缺乏应有的学术基础,也使正在兴起的非物质文化保护传承事业缺乏系统有序的文化参照。就此问题梳理出“五四”新文化运动以来民间美术研究的大致发展线索,并列举了建国以来有代表性的民间美术分类模式,提出以田野调查为基础的分类研究方法,倡导多元的分类研究学术实践。     

Applying locally optimal criterion for classifying highly-reliable products with a control

At the research and development stage, decision-makers may wish to classify several competing designs with respect to a control (or standard) one. The classification problem may become very difficult when the products are highly reliable, since only a few (or even no) failures may be observed under normal use condition. The accelerated life test model resolves this difficulty by shortening the time of life testing and quickly provides life data of products. For highly-reliable products with a Weibull log-linear model, we propose a classification rule based on a locally optimal criterion. A suitable sampling plan based on this rule is also developed. The performance of this rule is compared with a pairwise comparison classification rule. It is shown that the sample sizes needed for the new rule are considerably lower than those needed for the pairwise comparison rule.     

Optimal food allocation in a slave economy

We propose a model of food allocation in an economy in which property rights exist in human beings. We assume that a slave-owner allocates food over the slave's lifetime so as to maximise his own wealth. The slave's productive capacity is determined endogenously by food consumption. Food allotment during childhood and adolescence determines productive capacity over the life course. The slave owner chooses optimal time paths of food allotment in light of the contribution food makes to both the level and growth of physical capacity, as a function of the price of food and of the value of the slave's productivity. Though conceived for an economy in which property rights exist in human beings, the model can be modified so as to apply to resource allocation within a household economy in which parents provide both nourishment and schooling for their children, in order to enhance their current or future productivity. Received: 14 April 2000/Accepted: 25 August 2001     

试论汉语音韵学的教学

本文论述了学习汉语音韵学的意义、音韵学研究的状况、音韵学教学的侧重点以及如何测试学生等问题