价值美学札记

价值美学亦称为价值论美学,是美学的一个分支。它的核心概念是价值及审美价值。价值就是在人类的客观历史实践活动中所产生和形成的客体对于主体的意义。肯定性的意义就是正价值,否定性的意义就是负价值,无意义就是非价值或无价值。从学理上说,审美活动与价值活动、审美现象与价值形态同形同构,审美活动属于价值活动范畴,美(审美现象)是无数价值形态之一种。以往美学有两大误区,一是在价值形态之外找美,一是认为审美无功利。如果把美(审美现象)看作是一种价值形态,那么,我们就要从美学的误区中走出来。     

Discount Rates in Risk Versus Money and Money Versus Money Tradeoffs

We use data from a survey of residents of five Italian cities conducted in late spring 2004 to estimate the discount rates implicit in (1) money versus future risk reductions and (2) money versus money tradeoffs. We find that the mean personal discount rate is 0.3-1.7% in (1) and 8.7% in (2). The latter is lower than the discount rates estimated in comparable situations in many recent studies, greater than market interest rates in Italy at the time, and exhibits modest variation with age and gender. The discount rate implicit in money versus risk tradeoffs is within the range of estimates from studies in the United States and Europe, and does not depend on observable individual characteristics. We use split samples to investigate whether a completely abstract risk reduction - one where the risk reduction delivery has been stripped of all specifics, so that respondents should focus on the risks without being distracted by details - results in WTP and discount figures comparable to those from an identified delivery mechanism (a medical test). We find that while WTP for an immediate risk reduction is 42-73% higher with the abstract risk reduction, the discount rate in the money versus risk tradeoffs and the variance of the error term in the WTP equation are the same across the two variants of the questionnaire.     

叶圣陶的教育情结与倪焕之的心灵变迁

叶圣陶是 20世纪中国文学史上一位始终情系教育、献身教育的著名小说家,他写于 20年代的著名长篇小说《倪焕之》不仅成为中国现代长篇小说走向成功的重要信号,而且也是他的教育情结和历史感受的艺术释放。本文探索了叶圣陶的教育情结与主人公倪焕之的心灵变迁的关系,着力透视了主人公的精神典型意义,并揭示了小说在艺术上的成败得失。     

大学生考研热对高校学风建设的影响

考研热对高校学风建设既有积极的影响作用,也存在消极因素。因此,应当充分发挥考研热在高校学风建设中的积极作用,最大限度地降低其消极影响,把考研热引导好、发展好。     

“围城”与“金锁”里的世界──论钱钟书《围城》与张爱玲《传奇》的文学价值与异同

钱钟书和张爱玲以天才作家的敏感创作了《围城》与《传奇》，突破了“五四”以来描写两性关系的范式；作品中典型人物的典型性格特点，是作家对人的整个生命状态的深刻审视和内心情感体验的传达；两位作家驱遣手中那杆或轻重或凝重的笔，给外在景物以一个动的生命或启示的精魂，这创造性的、成功的、丰富的意象，使读者领悟到一份挡不住的艺术感觉。文章从以上三个方面来探究钱钟书的《围城》与张爱玲的《传奇》的文学价值，寻找其文学表现手法的异同。     

数字化背景下我国零售业跨界与融合创新发展研究

数字化背景下我国零售业跨界与融合面临新的机遇和挑战。为此,从跨界与融合的内涵出发,研究了不同零售商业模式下的跨界与融合发展,分析了零售业跨界与融合的驱动因素及其类型,通过阿里巴巴典型案例剖析零售业跨界与融合的形成机理。研究发现:(1)跨界与融合助推了零售业商业模式从低级向高级发展;(2)驱动零售业跨界与融合动因包括社会资本、技术创新、国家政策和数字技术等;(3)零售业跨界与融合的主要类型从结构、内容、方向、方式四个方面来划分:结构上划分为跨产业、跨行业、跨业态、跨品牌,内容上划分为渠道、技术、服务、场景等,方向上划分为前向一体化、后向一体化和横向一体化等,方式上划分为市场引导和政府引导等;(4)阿里巴巴集团实现跨界与融合的动力源于国家政策、企业技术创新和内外部资本等。地方政府应加大数字化投入,扶持传统零售企业数字化转型升级;零售企业应进一步以顾客需求为导向,推动创新,促进企业的跨界与融合。     

构建社会主义和谐社会视角下的青少年网络道德教育

在构建社会主义和谐社会的伟大进程中,互联网的负面影响导致了青少年网络道德问题的产生,表现在网络言行放纵、价值观念模糊、人格冲突严重、道德情感沦丧等方面.必须采用构建网络道德规范体系、提高青少年网络道德素质、培养健康的网络道德情感等措施来解决上述问题,为青少年的健康成长营造一个阳光网络世界.     

如何确定高职室内设计专业的“典型工作任务”

高职室内设计专业应该采用嵌入式的“基于工作过程”的课程设计方法。依据教育部下发的《基于工作过程的学习领域课程开发规范》,在进行课程设计时首先要进行典型工作任务的确定,本文介绍了确定高职室内设计专业典型工作任务的方法、过程和结果。     

一代农民的心灵历程──严志和、梁三、许茂等农民形象再思考

本文对几部中国当代农民题材的代表性作品进行梳理，追踪严志和、梁三、许茂、冯么爸等本色农民所走过的那一段充满欢乐与痛苦、希望与失望的不寻常的心灵历程，让人们思索它所蕴含的社会意义。     

Measuring and explaining tax evasion: Improving self-reports using the crosswise model

Due to its sensitive nature, tax compliance is difficult to study empirically, and valid information on tax evasion is rare. More specifically, when directly asked on surveys, respondents are likely to underreport their evasion behavior. Such invalid responses not only bias prevalence estimates but may also obscure associations with individual predictors. To generate more valid estimates of tax evasion, we used a new method of data collection for sensitive questions, the crosswise model (CM). The CM is conceptually based on the randomized response technique (RRT), but due to its advanced design, it is better suited for large surveys than classical RRTs. In an experimental online survey, we compared the CM (N = 862) to standard direct questioning (DQ; N = 305). First, our results showed that the CM was able to elicit a higher proportion of self-stigmatizing reports of tax evasion by increasing privacy in the data collection process. Second, on average, we found stronger effects of our predictor variables on tax evasion in the CM condition compared with the DQ condition such that an egoistic personality and the opportunity for tax evasion predicted actual tax evasion only in the CM condition.