我国经济转型期大学毕业生失业状况分析

大学毕业生失业是市场经济的产物。与其他商品经济国家一样,我国在经济转型过程中,也出现了大学毕业生失业现象;越来越多的毕业生失业对个人、家庭和社会产生了不良的影响,也造成人力资源和教育资源的极大浪费。降低大学毕业生的失业率将随着下岗就业问题的淡化而日益突显为社会就业的主要矛盾,理应引起政府、教育部门和社会各界的极度重视。文章分三个部分来阐述,首先概述我国当前大学毕业生失业状况,然后探析经济转型期大学毕业生毕业即失业的根源,最后提出适合我国国情的、解决毕业生就业的策略性建议。     

时距估计干扰效应的研究与思考

已有的研究从不同作业类型下的干扰效应和相关的理论解释两个方面对时距估计干扰效应进行了剖析 ,未来的研究应以分段 /综合模型为基础进行探讨 ,时距加工的认知神经研究促进了人们对时间信息加工实质的理解。     

How do labour laws affect unemployment and the labour share of national income? The experience of six OECD countries, 1970–2010

Using longitudinal data on labour law in France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States over the period 1970–2010, the authors estimate the impact of labour regulation on unemployment and the labour share of national income. Their dynamic panel data analysis distinguishes between the short‐run and long‐run effects of regulatory change. They find that worker‐protective labour laws in general have no consistent relationship to unemployment but are positively correlated with labour's share of national income. Laws specifically relating to working time and employee representation are found to have beneficial effects on both efficiency and distribution thus proxied.     

专利权出质登记制度研究——兼及《专利权质押合同登记管理暂行办法》的修改

专利权出质登记是专利权质权的生效要件.专利权出质登记应由国家知识产权局统一办理,且可因当事人一方申请而启动.登记机构对专利权出质登记实行形式审查,并辅之以实质审查,尽量保持登记系统所载内容的真实性.就登记事项而言,出质登记中不应记载专利证书的保管方式、专利年费相关事项以及质押期限.     

超高频数据的日内效应调整方法研究

日内效应在金融高频数据研究中已被广泛证实,是一种日内周期性运动的动态效应,它影响了以微观金融指标为参数的计量模型的准确估计。基于金融超高频持续期数据,本文首先论述了日内效应调整的重要性,然后引入自适应映射(SOM)的方法对日内效应进行调整。SOM是一种基于神经网络学习的特征提取方法,能够动态识别高维数据中的结构特征,克服了静态调整方法的不足。最后通过建立基于自回归条件持续期模型(ACD)的蒙特卡罗模拟实验,比较了三种日内效应调整方法的效果。模拟结果表明SOM方法在日内效应调整中更为有效和稳定,特别适合大数据条件下的周期性结构分析。     

Sleep hygiene practices and sleep duration in rotating-shift shiftworkers

Abstract

Alcohol, caffeine and tobacco intake, exercise, activities on going to bed, and sleep-enhancing measures were assessed in 72 rotating-shift shiftworkers to determine whether these variables differ following day shifts and night-shifts, and which are related to sleep duration. Only alcohol intake and exercise prior to sleep, and feeling drowsy when retiring, differed following the night-shift. Workers generally followed recommendations concerning alcohol intake, sleeping immediately on retiring, and exercising, but acted contrary to recommendations concerning caffeine and nicotine intake. The only behaviour clearly associated with poor sleep was smoking, which reduced sleep duration.     

大学生就业的结构性矛盾分析

大学生就业问题是一个社会问题，当前大学生就业不仅是供过于求的问题，还有结构性问题及岗位的供给相对不足问题。解决大学生就业矛盾，首先必须解决劳动力技能培养与社会需求不匹配之间的矛盾。     

Unemployed by choice: young creative people and the balancing of responsibilities through strategic self-management

The Danish welfare system inadvertently provides a good opportunity for young creative people to pursue their dreams in creative fields such as art, acting, music while being on unemployment benefits. As Michael, one of the participants, puts it: ‘I consider unemployment benefit entrepreneurial support’. The subversive practice is illegal. This qualitative study investigates how young unemployed people who choose to be unemployed in order to engage in innovative projects in creative fields understand and justify their practice. Analysis of in-depth interviews with six young unemployed persons shows how the understanding and management of responsibility is pivotal in the self-understanding and legitimization of receiving unemployment benefits by choice, not out of need. This creative group reflects the contours of a new type of unemployed that has received very little attention in the research literature. The group challenges the traditional representation of the unemployed and portrays themselves as innovative, competent and able to cope with financial insecurity even though it is psychologically distressing and a risky path to go down. We characterize them as strategic self-managing as they use educational systems and unemployment benefit systems for something entirely different from what they are intended – they use it to create their own artistic life courses. This study tentatively points to a categorization distinguishing between personal, social and societal responsibility by which we can improve our understanding of responsibility in neoliberal contexts.     

试析隐性失业农村劳动力的转移与分流

农村劳动力的隐性失业问题在全国具有广泛的普遍性,对经济发展、社会稳定与和谐社会的构建已经形成制约和障碍,积极促进和帮助农村隐性失业劳动力的转移、分流、分化进而实现其充分就业对缩小地区差距、城乡差距和构建和谐社会具有举足轻重的作用.促进隐性失业农村劳动力的转移、分流与分化,应该积极推进制度变迁,深化农用地改革,正确选用农业技术,发展劳动密集型产业,提高人力资本量,改善人力资本约束,十个指头弹琴,多渠道分而化之.     

失业保险金给付博弈分析及其优化设计

我国现行失业保险制度运行中存在失业保险金的给付两难,给付双方是一种博弈关系。通过构建政府与失业人员的失业保险金给付静态博弈和完全而不完美信息动态博弈并进行解析,需要从缩短失业保险金的给付期限、充分发挥失业保险金的促进就业功能等方面对现行失业保险制度进行优化设计。