循环式国家：转型中国的符号式劳动治理机制探析

抗争政治与国家建设之间的关系是社会运动研究中的一个经典问题。本文通过对一组国有企业退休工人为维护退休金权益所展开的十年抗争进行过程事件分析,来勾勒国家在劳动治理过程中逐步形成的官僚场域。这个官僚场域由三个相互交叉的圈子所构成：信访办圈子、信访办与法院之间的圈子、中央与地方之间的圈子。这些交叉的圈子所构成的国家场域一方面通过对抗争的制度化循环而拉长了工人的斗争时间,分散了抗争的空间,从而有效遏止了抗争的激进化,另一方面则通过抗争工人与国家代理人之间的叙事化互动促进了国家资本的激活与流通,从而实现了对抗争者的象征性支配。     

应急预案重大突发事件情景构建—基于\

现有文献主要基于西方发达国家社会背景,聚焦于社会力量或市场机制主导下的人道主义运营或供应链中断等问题,对于“党委负责、政府主导”的中国救灾模式尚未引起理论界的足够关注。我国强势政府主导下的救灾模式,与国际灾害管理主流文献关注的供应链中断等市场机制、社会捐赠、人道主义物流等热点问题存在着较大的出入。其管理特征表现在：运行目标是确保人民群众生命安全、资源配置方式以各级党委和政府的行政手段为主体、应急救援力量以军队和武警部队作为突击和以公安消防等专业队伍作为骨干等。我国未来救灾体制的演化趋势将是政府主导的基础上,社会参与和市场机制等多种救灾模式相互协同和融合。     

普遍管辖权原则的法理探析

"Crime is no longer local,or even a national phenomenon,but an international phenomenon."[1〗普遍管辖权作为主权国家享有的一种维护国际社会秩序、惩处跨国犯罪的权力,很大程度上弥补了国家内部刑事管辖权在有效制裁跨国罪犯上的缺漏。在国际犯罪日益猖獗的今天,虽然该制度在打击国际犯罪的力度和效果方面发挥了不可忽视的作用,但这一制度存有不可避免的缺漏之处。文章试图通过对普遍管辖权原则的分析,以期对该制度的完善有所助益。     

A disarmingly simple idea? Practical bottlenecks in the implementation of a universal basic income

This article considers the implementation of a universal basic income, a neglected area in basic income research. We identify and examine three important practical bottlenecks that may prevent a basic income scheme from attaining the universal reach desired and proclaimed by its advocates: i) maintaining a population‐wide cadaster of eligible claimants ensuring full takeup; ii) instituting robust modalities of payment that reach all intended beneficiaries; and iii) designing an effective oversight mechanism in a policy context that actively opposes client monitoring. We argue that the implementation of universal basic income faces unique challenges that its proponents must consider carefully.     

What explains frontline workers' views on poverty? A comparison of three types of welfare sector institutions

The study analysed views on poverty among Finnish frontline workers in three welfare sector institutions. Two different institutional logics, universal and selective, and two sectors, the public and the voluntary, were represented. A nationwide survey among social security officials, municipal social workers and diaconal workers was utilised (N = 2,124). The methods applied included factor analysis, the examination of means and multivariate analysis of variance. Frontline workers were found to support structural reasons for poverty regardless of institutional affiliation. Analyses, however, also revealed significant differences between the institutions, but not of the kind expected. Social security officials, working in a universal institution, were less likely to endorse structural factors and more likely to endorse individualistic poverty explanations than were social and diaconal workers. Type of education and personal political ideology, respectively, were also found to be of significant importance for poverty perceptions, independent of institutional logic.     

The Asiatic Mode of Production in World History Perspective： From a Universal to a Particularistic View of History

关于马克思“亚细亚生产方式”的讨论,实质是普遍史观和特殊史观的关系问题。马克思立足于世界历史的视角,对亚细亚生产方式的思考和建构,经历了一个从普遍史观到特殊史观的过程;而从俄国革命所提供的“俄国道路”与“俄国方式”到斯大林的社会发展“五形态说”,恰恰经历了一个从特殊史观到普遍史观的回归。在建构中国史观的过程中,中国历史发展模式和现实发展经验、马克思社会形态理论和晚年东方社会思想以及俄国十月革命所开启的“俄国道路”和“体制嬗变”是三个不可或缺的重要元素。     

Fundamental references from the Western culture

This article presents theoretical elements concerning the ‘nature versus culture’ confrontation as a particular aspect of the worldwide expansion of Western civilization. Several speculations are made concerning the philosophical foundations which have provided the base for the current political and economic mega-scenarios in the contemporary world. We turn our attention to the articulations of the concept of nature with the processes of mondialization of Western culture and with the history of universal culture. Finally, several considerations are made on the dynamics of economic processes on a world scale and projections on the impact of science and technology in the social and political frames that are taking place in the contemporary world.     

普世价值的客观存在及现实意义

受传统形而上学思维的影响,“普世价值”被看成是一种超验的、自在而在的“价值自性”或“绝对理念”,其实普世价值根本上只是一种社会历史现象,是根源于人类现实生活所形成的一种普世性的价值共识。普世价值的客观存在是不可否认的,其存在具有共识性、全球性、自发性、时代性和原则性等主要特点。普世价值的现实意义和作用就在于,它为全球各国、各民族之间的交流、沟通与合作提供共同的价值前提,也为每一时代的人类生活提供基本的价值导向。     

试析康德“美的分析”四命题的独创性

康德认为“审美”既不涉及概念,也不涉及任何法规,而是主观的行为。“审美”不涉利害,“美感”和“一般快感”以及“完善”不同之处,在于“美感”绝不涉及主体的欲望或需要。在此基础上,康德进而提出“审美”不经概念而具普遍性,“美”是在人类具有“共同感受力”的基础上“普遍可传达”的一种感受。同时,“审美”应该无目的而符合目的性,并具有不依赖概念的必然性。康德还通过对“纯粹美”和“依存美”的定义和比较,进一步开展对“理想美”的探求。     

莱布尼兹的科学观—知识的数学化

本文论述了莱布尼兹的科学观在于知识的数学化以及为此所作的努力,即建立以普遍符号和推理演算为中心内容的通用语言代替自然语言,揭示了莱布尼兹发明微积分的思想根源,指出莱布尼兹科学观的哲学基础在于他关于事实真理和理性真理划分的理论。