国外电信普遍服务理论与我国普遍服务政策

电信普遍服务 (universal telecom munication service)指一个社会中的所有公民都有权享受到支付得起的电信业务。本文介绍了国外有关电信普遍服务理论的最新进展 ,包括普遍服务的阶段性划分、普遍服务的作用和普遍服务的财富分配效应 ,力图为我国正在研究之中的普遍服务方案提供参考性意见。     

货币定义的演变及其思考

作为一般等价物,货币只能充当已经形成的商品的交换媒介,也就是实现两个已经付出的劳动的交换。但是,现在大量的交换已经发生在过去的商品和未来的商品之间,是已经付出的劳动和尚未付出的劳动之间的交换。而且,现代的纸币发行也不再以黄金,而是以企业和政府的债务凭证为担保,这就是说,以一般等价物来定义货币,已经无法充分解释货币和商品交换的实际,所以,货币的定义也要顺应商品经济变化,转移到其作为信用的载体上来。即便在货币最古朴的形态—黄金上,也能找到作为信用载体的性质。     

农村地区电力普遍服务与社会经济可持续发展协调性研究

本文首先分析了农村电力普遍服务对农村社会经济发展的影响,随后提出电力普遍服务与社会经济协调发展的评价指标体系,然后,通过运用DEA交叉效率评价模型来评价农村地区电力普遍服务与社会经济发展的协调性,最后,对云南省电力普遍服务实施情况进行了实证分析。     

论西方拒证权制度体现的普世伦理意义

西方拒证权制度的设立有其合理因素和价值意义,从普世伦理的角度,即保障社会存在与发展、增进每个人的利益、实现每个人幸福的角度来看,拒证权设立的普世伦理意义是:当法律原则和道德原则发生冲突时,法律的真实性原则应当向普世伦理标准作出让步、妥协和回归。     

儿童语音习得中的语音处理策略

语音处理策略是用一些简单的音替代那些与之具有共同特征但对个人发音能力构成困难的音的心理操作过程。语音处理策略是儿童发音器官运用能力低,认知能力等资源受限的一大体现。文章在回顾国内外主要相关研究的基础上,对一名汉语普通话儿童1岁8个月时使用的语音处理策略进行了系统分析,试图探讨儿童语音习得中普遍趋势、语言环境和个人偏好所起的作用,以及儿童语音习得是否受天生的音系规则支配的问题。     

Approximate theory of multiway block designs

Optimality properties of multiway block designs are deduced from the general results of J. Kiefer's approximate-design theory. In the model with additive effects these optimality properties solely depend on the two-dimensional marginals of the designs. Uniform designs, and designs whose two-dimensional marginals are products of the one-dimensional marginals, are shown to be optimal. Approximate Youden designs are introduced for the case when the support sets of the two-dimensional marginals are prescribed in advance. They are optimal in a relatively small class of competing designs only.     

论宪政的普适价值及其社会基础

文章认为宪政体制具有社会性、客观性和普适性;宪政体制的社会基础是抽象的和无差别的个体社会成员;因此,人民的阶级表象和归属不应当在宪法规范中固化;只有把人民作为国家法律体系中完全平等的公民个体的集合概念来看待,重塑公民与国家的权利义务关系,才能打造一个公平正义的平台,夯实宪政的社会基础。     

一种通用多媒体CAI课件制作与演示系统

介绍一种基于超文本的通用多媒体CAI课件制作与演示系统的整体结构及工作原理、核心功能模块、数据库管理系统的主要功能、操作方法和主要特点。该系统能使用户十分容易地制作出基于超文本的多媒体CAI课件。     

新式学堂与平民教育：清末半日学堂述论

为了有效地解决夜间车辆检测这一难题，提出了一种新颖的基于有限状态机的夜间车辆检测算法。该算法将车辆检测的问题转变成一个有序状态转换的模型，即检测所选择区域内的车辆到达、车辆移动和车辆离开。先计算所选区域内的明亮像素点的数量以及他们之间的差异，然后将结果输入到所提出的状态机来检测车辆，最后输出检测结果。实验结果证明，该算法简单且易于实现，对检测夜间道路车辆有很强的鲁棒性。     

Examining the efficacy of the GameSense gambling prevention programme among university undergraduate students

This article describes a study assessing the effectiveness of a gambling prevention programme, GameSense, in modifying gambling cognitions and intentions among university undergraduate students of diverse ethnicities (N = 122). Although GameSense is a widely used intervention, the effectiveness in modifying gambling cognitions and behaviours has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, randomly assigned treatment participants completed the programme and then played a gambling game in which they could win tokens for a desired prize. Control participants played the game but did not receive the prevention programme. At the end of the game, all participants completed measures assessing gambling cognitions, immediate and future gambling intentions, and their desire to continue gambling. Programme participants showed increased knowledge about gambling, increased resistance to gambling fallacies, and fewer immediate and future intentions to continue gambling regardless of how much they won or lost, compared to the no-treatment control group. The present results indicate that the GameSense programme is effective in altering cognitions about gambling and immediate and future intentions to continue gambling. Results are discussed in terms of the modification of gambling cognitions following completion of the intervention programme and the changes in future gambling behaviour as a consequence of those changed cognitions.