新型工业化视角下湖南新型城市化发展探析

从新型工业化角度来看,湖南新型城市化发展滞后,影响了新型工业化的深入推进,必须从优化产业结构和城市规划结构,强化产业支撑与创新制度等方面来推进新型工业化和新型城市化。     

Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region

Understanding contemporary urban landscapes requires multiple sets of spatially and temporally compatible data that can integrate historical land use patterns and disturbances to land cover. This paper presents three principal methods: (1) core analysis; (2) historic mapping; and (3) gradient analysis, to link spatial and temporal data for urban ecosystems and applies their use in the Baltimore-Chesapeake region. Paleoecological evidence derived from the geochronology of sediment cores provides data on long-term as well as recent changes in vegetative land cover. This information, combined with contemporary vegetation maps, provides a baseline for conducting trend analyses to evaluate urbanization of the landscape. A 200-year historical land use database created from historical maps, census data, and remotely sensed data provides a spatial framework for investigating human impacts on the region. A geographic information system (GIS) integrates core analyses with historic data on land use change to yield a comprehensive land use and land cover framework and rates of change. These data resources establish the regional foundation for investigating the ecological components of an urban ecosystem. Urban-rural gradient analyses and patch analyses are proposed as the most appropriate methods for studying the urban ecosystem as they link ecological and social patterns and processes for varying degrees of urbanization.     

对阿拉善左旗牧民城镇化迁移意愿的实证分析

牧民作为牧区城镇化的参与主体,在向牧区城镇以及城镇周边转移的过程中,其迁移意愿将直接影响到牧区城镇化的进度和效果。本文采用LOGIT模型对阿拉善左旗牧民的城镇化意愿进行了实证分析,并结合调研情况对实证结果进行了解释。在研究假设上,对牧户的家庭特征变量、牧民的个体特征变量、所在牧区的特征变量分别进行了假设。实证结果表明,阿拉善左旗牧民迁移意愿的影响因素存在着特殊性。通过实地调研分析,我们认为牧民的迁移意愿是由牧区的特殊区情、个体的成本收益分析以及草地畜牧业的产业特点决定的。     

中国第三条农村城镇化道路探索--基于劳动力供给视角

当前中国以异地化转移的城镇化模式已暴露出众多的问题,这种以人口非家庭式迁移和异地转移为主要特点的城镇化发展模式不可持续,必须予以改变。通过对中国第三条农村城镇化道路进行探索可知,以企业战略推动的统筹发展型就地城镇化模式能够弥补前两条道路的不足,可以实现整村、全家同步转移,农民到市民一步的转换,具有多元正效应。在就地转移的第三条道路中,个体的搜寻成本、心理成本、交通成本和住房成本明显低于第二条道路中相应的成本,而生活成本和学习成本则相差不大。将个体劳动供给经典模型进行扩展可知,当工作时间相同时,第三条道路的劳动者个体拥有较高的实际收入和效用水平;从家庭效用模型中也可发现,家庭部门愿意提供的就地转移劳动数量要多于异地转移劳动数量,其更倾向于第三条道路下的就地转移方式。     

Monstrosities and moral publics

Interdisciplinary scholarship on neoliberal urban governmentality has been attentive to the knowledges and techniques of government currently emerging at the interface of local state politics and invested claims of voluntary private actors such as corporate partners and philanthropic agencies. This article draws attention to the workings of the aesthetic as an epistemological grounding for the rationalization of urban rule. Specifically, I explore a Toronto, Canada-based philanthropic agency’s reliance on a mise-en-scene of urban terror to animate its own self-validated knowledges about targeted inner-suburban subjects and spaces. In their circulation and demand for public address, the agency’s graphic public service announcements, launched in 2007, herald what I argue is a moralized set of knowledges about municipal renewal that has its own normative orientations grounded in a neoliberal political rationality, and tangentially, in racialized security imperatives. I detail various dimensions of the social life of a video associated with this public service campaign targeting ‘youth at risk’, considering the ethical, political and economic valences it was expected to convey; its semiotic exchange with other images and representations of disenfranchised spaces, subjects and communities; and the publics it attempted to interpellate. Importantly, given the agency’s current standing as a prominent player in Canadian urban policy arenas, I pay analytical attention to the visual campaign as a site for the production of knowledges about proper urban citizenship and social governance, and as such, a strategic-orienting device for urban policy interventions and directives.     

我国产业结构变迁与城市化水平提升间互动关系研究

城市化作为二三产业发展在城市空间的动态物化载体,必然反映出区域特定时期社会经济发展的综合水平。我国产业结构演进与城市化进程之间存在着较密切的关联性,这种内在联系颇值得探讨。本文通过系统研究中国城市化进程与产业结构变迁、产业结构偏离度之间的关系,并着重剖析中国产业结构演进对城市化的弹性影响,最后从优化产业结构的维度提出推进新型城镇化发展战略的对策建议。     

中国合意城市化率研究

城市化是中国经济发展的必然要求。当经济持续发展到一定阶段,消除农村与城市的差距,实现社会公平,吸收转移掉农业剩余劳动力并保持农业规模不下降时,我们认为中国的城市化便达到一个合意的城市化水平,即合意城市化率。本文将从宏观角度出发,根据历年的统计资料,结合模型分析,得出中国合意城市化率,为 63%左右。更重要的是,我们认为中国下阶段经济增长的关键点是加速城市化进程,达到合意城市化水平。作为本文分析的中间成果,我们在保持农业规模不下降的条件下,根据柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,借助回归分析和二维搜索等数学方法,求出中国农业剩余劳动力数目,为 2.06亿人。     

城市化进程中地域文学观念的现代性构建——以当代陕西文学创作与研究为例

随着当代中国城市化进程的日趋深入,传统以乡土文学为主导的陕西地域文学创作与研究,正面临乡村空间萎缩、城市空间急剧扩张的重大挑战,并在观念层面展现出自我身份与定位的焦虑意识。这一焦虑意识要求,陕西当代文学创作与研究在继承传统地域文学精神遗产的同时,以现代性眼光凝聚新的地域文学核心价值,最终使本应具有历史深广度和延展性的地域文学观念,真正成为当代城市化背景下文学创作与研究中的开放性、建构性力量。     

城镇化背景下大遗址管理体制的突破与困境

对大遗址管理而言,我国正稳步推进的城镇化既是机遇,也是挑战。为回应这些机遇或挑战,“十一五”前后我国从中央到地方采取了一系列措施,以寻求大遗址管理体制中管理架构和机构的部分突破。这些突破对大遗址保护已经或正在产生积极影响,但也面临着政策不具普适性、无法根除原管理框架痼疾等困境。促成大遗址保护需求与规划的衔接、引入社会力量参与大遗址管理,是突破困境的重要手段。     

试论在“三化”协调发展中推进河南省妇女的发展

《中原经济区建设纲要》的付诸实施为妇女人力资源的广度开发和深度挖掘创造了必要条件,为河南省妇女劳动力的就地转移提供了广阔的平台,也对河南省妇女科技素质及从业技能、应对工作生活压力的心理素质等方面提出了较高的要求.今后应通过强化宣传教育、进一步发挥妇联的引领作用等途径,在推进“三化”协调发展中不断提升妇女发展质量.