Lone mothers' time allocations: choices and satisfactions

This paper uses the 2006 Australian Time Use Survey to examine the allocation of time to personal care, employment‐related activities, home duties, leisure and child care of lone mothers, in comparison to the time allocations of single women, women in childless couples and partnered mothers. Both primary and secondary time allocations are considered. The satisfactions that women report concerning their current time allocations are also analysed. The time use and satisfaction data are described using both tabulations and multiple regression methods. Lone mothers are shown to have similar time allocations as the other types of households, even though they have different financial and time resources. This raises the concern that lone mothers' desire or need to maintain such time allocations may lead to task overload. Consistent with this, lone mothers are found to be less satisfied with the way they allocate their time than single women and partnered mothers. The tensions associated with time use among lone mothers discussed in the literature are real, and important.     

The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time

People’s welfare is a function of both time and money. People can – and, it is said, increasingly do – suffer time-poverty as well as money-poverty. It is undeniably true that people feel increasingly time pressured, particularly in dual-earner households. But much of the time devoted to paid and unpaid tasks is over and above that which is strictly necessary. In that sense, much of the time pressure that people feel is discretionary and of their own making. Using data from the 1992 Australian Time Use Survey, this paper demonstrates that the magnitude of this ‘time-pressure illusion’ varies across population groups, being least among lone parents and greatest among the childless and two-earner couples.     

未来时间洞察力与成就目标研究状况及趋势评价

文章对未来时间的洞察力与成就目标的概念界定、未来时间洞察力与成就目标的研究现状以及它们之间的关系进行了深入的分析,最后指出相关研究的未来展望。未来时间洞察力的目标不仅架起了现在与未来的桥梁,也影响个体的认知与行为,并且不同目标还具有不同的动力作用。     

生态位视角的老字号企业产品分析

中华老字号是我国企业界的一块金字招牌,但在市场经济的大潮中,也有不少老字号企业面临冲击,经营萎靡,处境闲顿。本文利用生态学的相关理论,分析老字号企业的产品创新问题,涉及老字号企业产品的生态位维度、宽度、重叠度等概念。同时,借用生态位概念,提出老字号企业经营转型及产品创新的策略建议。     

时间断点回归:原理框架、应用演进与估计流程

文章首先运用归纳法,提出时间断点回归的概念内涵和基本模型,并按"准随机实验"标准分析其存在的原理缺陷。然后通过梳理国外相关前沿成果,总结出时间断点回归有别于传统计量操作的方面:在适用性判断上,强调内生分组问题的理论分析和协变量连续性的提前估计;在稳定性检验上,包含更换变量指标等正向思路、对照组检验等反向思路、时间序列特征处理和其他非断点回归方法。最后,绘制时间断点回归的估计流程图,主要涉及适用性检验、处理效应的初步判定、模型构建与估计和稳健性检验四个部分。     

中共早期工会开展工人思想政治教育的路径与经验启示--以安源工人俱乐部为例

作为一个用马克思主义理论武装起来的无产阶级政党,中共早期的一大工作重心就是要以马克思主义大众化为抓手对广大工人进行系统的思想启蒙与政治动员,这使得开展思想政治工作就成为中共早期工会的重要任务。为此,安源工人俱乐部等早期工会注重通过学校教育、社会教育、主题纪念及文娱活动等多种有效路径大力加强工人思想政治教育,实施的思想政治工作呈现出形式多样、内容丰富、协同育人、注重实效、喜闻乐见、贴近生活等主要特征。安源工人俱乐部等早期工会开展工人思想政治教育的实践及经验,既具有伟大历史意义,其对当下中国工会的思想政治工作也具有较高启迪价值。     

基于工序异质性的关键链项目缓冲监控

通过关键链项目缓冲监控可以防止缓冲在项目执行阶段被浪费,并保证项目的工期,有效的监控方法有利于提升项目的整体绩效。为了克服统一缓冲监控方法的不足,在保证项目工期的基础上,本文考虑成本因素对项目的影响,提出了一种基于工序成本和工期敏感度的差别动态缓冲监控模型。该模型考虑工序异质性将工序划分为成本敏感型工序和工期敏感型工序,根据工序的综合感知效用进行缓冲监控分配,并结合敏感度对不同类型的工序设置不同的监控基准点和纠偏措施。仿真结果表明,差别监控相对于统一的监控模式有利于实现项目工期和成本的双优化,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

A grouped beta process model for multivariate resting‐state EEG microstate analysis on twins

EEG microstate analysis investigates the collection of distinct temporal blocks that characterize the electrical activity of the brain. Brain activity within each microstate is stable, but activity switches rapidly between different microstates in a nonrandom way. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric model that concurrently estimates the number of microstates and their underlying behaviour. We use a Markov switching vector autoregressive (VAR) framework, where a hidden Markov model (HMM) controls the nonrandom state switching dynamics of the EEG activity and a VAR model defines the behaviour of all time points within a given state. We analyze the resting‐state EEG data from twin pairs collected through the Minnesota Twin Family Study, consisting of 70 epochs per participant, where each epoch corresponds to 2 s of EEG data. We fit our model at the twin pair level, sharing information within epochs from the same participant and within epochs from the same twin pair. We capture within twin‐pair similarity, using an Indian buffet process, to consider an infinite library of microstates, allowing each participant to select a finite number of states from this library. The state spaces of highly similar twins may completely overlap while dissimilar twins could select distinct state spaces. In this way, our Bayesian nonparametric model defines a sparse set of states that describe the EEG data. All epochs from a single participant use the same set of states and are assumed to adhere to the same state switching dynamics in the HMM model, enforcing within‐participant similarity.     

北京市老年人休闲生活研究

本文基于对北京市老年人休闲生活的抽样调查数据,描绘了老年人日常休闲活动的日程安排;概述了老年人在体育、文娱兴趣、学习、公益及旅行游玩5大类休闲活动的参与情况;采用聚类分析的方法将老年人口及其休闲行为分成3个类别,并进行了类间比较;探讨了伴侣、子女及友人等在休闲和日常生活中的陪伴对老年人社会支持的提升以及对休闲生活品质的促进作用。     

《李四光年谱》中出现的时间误差考索

通过广泛搜集到的新史料,认真考索了《李四光年谱》中出现的时间误差,确认20世纪20年代李四光应聘去北京大学任教的确切年分以及他出任国立京师图书馆、北京图书馆副馆长的时间及始末,探究了其中的文化历史内涵,纠正了书中的误差和疏漏,为李四光研究增补了有价值的学术史料。