论辞格理论与辞格发展之间的互动

古代修辞理论与辞格发展之间存在着复杂的互动关系。本文通过个案分析,证实了三点:其一,辞格的发展、演变本质上依赖于语言、文体本身提供的可能性,辞格理论的影响只是在发展方向上的诱导,并且这种诱导并不是总能成功;其二,这种诱导以理论被辞格使用者认同为前提,而特定文化背景或文学思潮可增强这种认同感,从而强化诱导;其三,当辞格使用者面对关于这一辞格的不同的甚至对立的理论主张时,他们会作出折中或取舍;而理论创造者面对辞格的发展变化,也有可能作出新的概括或补充。     

A new approximation to the distribution function of the studentized maximum root

The Studentized maximum root (SMR) distribution is useful for constructing simultaneous confidence intervals around product interaction contrasts in replicated two-way ANOVA. A three-moment approximation to the SMR distribution is proposed. The approximation requires the first three moments of the maximum root of a central Wishart matrix. These values are obtained by means of numerical integration. The accuracy of the approximation is compared to the accuracy of a two-moment approximation for selected two-way table sizes. Both approximations are reasonably accurate. The three-moment approximation is generally superior.     

On gart's test for interaction of second order

Gart (1972) ottered a Statistic on testing the hypothesis of no second-order interaction in a 2×s×t contingency table. The statistic was tn be used as an asymptotic chi-square with (s-1) (t-1) degrees of freedom. We show that this statistic suiters from the drawback that unless certain side conditions hold, the statistic would reject the null hypothesis with probability approaching one asymptotically even in the null case. Hence the statistic is not strictly valid for the hypothesis for which it was intended.     

Counterexamples in unbalanced two-way analysis of variance

Recommended methods for analyzing unbalanced two-way data may be classified into two major categories:the parametric interpretation approach and the model comparison approach. Each approach has its advantages and its drawbacks. The main drawback of the parametric interpretation approach is non-orthogonality.For the model comparison approach the main drawback is the dependence of the hypothesis tested on the cell sizes. In this paper we provide examples to illustrate these drawbacks.     

Nonparametric prediction analysis for binary data

A nonparametric inference algorithm developed by Davis and Geman (1983) is extended problem. The algorithm and applied to a medical prediction employs an estimation procedure for acquiring pairwise statistics among variables of a binary data set, allows for the data-driven creation of interaction terms among the variables, and employs a decision rule which asymptotically gives the minimum expected error. The inference procedure was designed for large data sets but has been extended via the method of cross-validation to encompass smaller data sets.     

Nonparametric Tests for Stratum Effects in the Cox Model

Thispaper considers the stratified proportional hazards model witha focus on the assessment of stratum effects. The assessmentof such effects is often of interest, for example, in clinicaltrials. In this case, two relevant tests are the test of stratuminteraction with covariates and the test of stratum interactionwith baseline hazard functions. For the test of stratum interactionwith covariates, one can use the partial likelihood method (Kalbfleischand Prentice, 1980; Lin, 1994). For the test of stratum interactionwith baseline hazard functions, however, there seems to be noformal test available. We consider this problem and propose aclass of nonparametric tests. The asymptotic distributions ofthe tests are derived using the martingale theory. The proposedtests can also be used for survival comparisons which need tobe adjusted for covariate effects. The method is illustratedwith data from a lung cancer clinical trial.     

媒体互动性的变迁与广告信用的构建

营销广告信用的建构,基础就是媒体的互动性。早期原始广告本身媒体介质本能地具有互动性;大众媒体的诞生,一方面带来了"广而告之"的传播效果,另一方面又使得媒体的互动性丧失,其广告的信用也受到影响,甚至是某种程度上的缺失。当具有更高程度互动性的新媒体得以迅猛发展,立足其上的广告信用也因媒体互动性的提高而得以回归。可以说,媒体互动性的变迁使广告传播信用失而复得,旨在提高广告互动性的策略也将为广告信用的构建和发展提供基础。     

中西文化大激荡视野中的马克思主义中国化研究论纲

鉴于国内外对马克思主义中国化问题研究的成就和特色、误解及欠缺,拟以近百年来中西文化大激荡为背景,探索马克思主义中国化的规律。为此,应以充分认知和把握马克思主义中国化的文化内涵为前提和基础,以马克思主义中国化的文化根据、文化前提、文化挑战等问题为研究对象和目的,以广泛借鉴、使用文化学、文化哲学、文化社会学等学科的理论和方法为特色,重视马克思主义民族化过程中所需要的文化支撑,注重马克思主义的时代化和大众化,真正把马克思主义中国化置于160多年来马克思主义民族化的历史进程中去考察,置于近百年来中西文化传播与交流、继承与整合、创新与变迁的发展过程中去理解,置于中国特色社会主义先进文化的构建过程中去审视。     

墙高出睦邻——人际交往的悖论——从文体分析的视角透视《补墙》的主题

为了探讨弗罗斯特的诗歌《补墙》的主题意义,以篇章格律和词汇语法层的语言特征为依据,对该诗进行文体分析。研究发现:在共同补墙中,邻居之间在言行、观点和态度等方面的"失谐"表明"墙高出睦邻"实际上是人际交往中的一个悖论;交往中的矛盾和困惑源自信任的缺乏和交流的缺失。结果表明:聚焦于文本的篇章格律和语言特征的分析有助于揭示其主题意义。     

基于集散效用和运输一体化枢纽布局优化模型

分析了综合运输枢纽规划与综合运网规划相互反馈的互动机制,提出以城市集散节点为主导的综合运输枢纽布局优化思路,并以综合运输集散、衔接综合广义费用最小为目标,建立了枢纽布局选址优化的混合整数规划模型;通过模型求解,从大型综合枢纽建设与综合运输体系构建的关系出发,引入了提高枢纽衔接效率和实现运输一体化的分析思路。分析认为：提出的综合运输枢纽布局优化模型构建、求解简单清晰,容易得到全局最优解,且能够反映枢纽和对外运网适应性密切的互动机制。