The Quality of Urban Environments in the Brazilian Amazon

In the Brazilian Amazon during the 1980s,urban population growth outstripped rural growth, andby 1991, most of the region's population resided inurban areas. Much of this urban growth involvedestablishment of unplanned housing with inadequateinfrastructure, which resulted in rising pollution. This paper compares indicators of environmentalquality in urban populations of the Amazon in 1980 and1991, and among different kinds of urban populationsin 1991. The results show that environmental qualityin the region deteriorated during the 1980s as theproduction of and exposure to environmental hazardsrose while resources to ward off hazards eroded. Thefindings also show that environmental quality wasparticularly poor in more rapidly growing urbancenters. The urban Amazon may not afford an adequatestandard of living and this may generate out-migrationfrom the region.     

婚嫁格局变动与乡村发展——以康村通婚圈为例

农村经济体制改革后 ,康村的婚嫁距离急剧缩短 ,通婚区域快速内卷 ,通婚村减少 ,婚入与婚出出现了地域上的不对称性。形成这一局面的原因主要在于工业化、城镇化进程的不同速度打破了改革前的社会均质状态 ,引起了地区及村落发展的不平衡 ,而农村经营方式的转变和初级市场网络的复兴也对婚嫁格局、通婚距离及流向产生了一定影响。这种婚嫁格局的变动将造成婚入与婚出的失衡 ,危及人口素质的提高、村落的发展和人口结构的地域平衡     

构建江西城乡劳动力市场体系若干问题的研究

劳动就业是我国经济社会发展过程中面临的战略性问题。构建江西城乡劳动力市场体系,必须立足江西实际,加强宏观指导,转变政府职能,注重制度创新,增加市场弹性,培育劳动力市场价格形成机制,健全和完善各项经济社会政策,以促进江西经济社会的和谐发展。     

从政府单一管理到综合治理——我国人口发展治理体系建设的政策分析

政府单一管理的传统计划生育管理体制已经不适应当今现实。根据社会治理理论,人口发展治理体系建设需要转换政府职能;缩小政府管制范围,扩大市场机制的应用范围和强度;激励公众参与,建立社会制衡机制。在具体的建设当中要注意处理好四对关系。     

农村警务室建设的问题与出路——基于益阳市赫山区的调查

新时期农村警务室建设存在着重“开门”轻“营业”、重“硬件”轻“软件”、重“独唱”轻“合唱”、重承诺轻践诺等问题。引起这些问题的原因主要有经费保障不足、警力资源紧张、传统警务观念与现代警务观念之间存在矛盾、考评机制不完善等。为此,应积极寻求地方党委政府、人民群众的支持,借用民力解决警力资源不足问题,因地制宜地探索符合实际的农村警务室工作模式,转变观念,完善考评机制和制定向农村警务民警倾斜的政策等。     

农村贫困残疾人脱贫及就业问题探讨

针对农村贫困残疾人脱贫及就业问题,实地调查农村残疾人生产生活状况,指出农村贫困残疾人生产生活状况令人担忧,并据此提出具体解决办法和对策。     

Double Sampling Ratio-product Estimator of a Finite Population Mean in Sample Surveys

It is well known that two-phase (or double) sampling is of significant use in practice when the population parameter(s) (say, population mean X¯) of the auxiliary variate x is not known. Keeping this in view, we have suggested a class of ratio-product estimators in two-phase sampling with its properties. The asymptotically optimum estimators (AOEs) in the class are identified in two different cases with their variances. Conditions for the proposed estimator to be more efficient than the two-phase sampling ratio, product and mean per unit estimator are investigated. Comparison with single phase sampling is also discussed. An empirical study is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested estimator over conventional estimators.     

苏州市人口老龄化分析

基于对苏州市第四次人口普查人口年龄结构的分析,本文认为苏州市已进入人口老年型早期。文中论述了该市人口老龄化的现状、过程及趋势,剖析了过去与未来主导这一进程的不同的人口学因素,特别强调了控制人口增长对这一进程的作用。文中预测现在和今后的二十年内人口老龄化发展较缓,总抚养比较低,正届人口构成上的“黄金时期”,面临着实现经济跃升的契机。其后,人口老龄化将以空前的速度进行。抓住当前的契机也是今后从根本意义上解决好老龄人口问题所必需的。