The development of social pedagogy in Spain: The tension between social needs,political response and academic interests

The Spanish Civil War (1936—1939) interrupted the evolution and development of social pedagogy, which in Spain had reached similar levels as in other European countries. This was followed by a period when Spain was isolated from developments in social welfare and the changes that go along with the economic and social transformations of cities and give rise to community action, self-help and popular education programmes. The reinstatement of democracy and of new City Councils that are genuinely devoted to solve the problems of the population are the starting point for new social services, that is for social work and social pedagogy. Initially it was practical work that gave an answer to emerging demand, followed by theoretical analysis and efforts of conceptualisation. The professionals and later the universities lead the debate on methodology. The interest and involvement of the universities increased as the Diploma in Social Education was introduced as a new university degree.     

Estimates of above-ground tree carbon after projected land-use and land cover change in a subtropical urban watershed

Urban Ecosystems - This study investigates the effect of land-use and land cover (LULC) change on above-ground tree carbon (AGTC) in a subbasin of the Tampa Bay Watershed, Florida. LULC change was...     

Critical capabilities for widening international new ventures’ geographical scope.

Current findings are still inconclusive with regard to the role played by the characteristics of social networks in INVs’ early geographical scope. This study analyses how entrepreneurial-oriented networks affect new ventures’ early geographical scope through critical capabilities. We have adopted a behavioural perspective to investigate the effect of social networks both on international new ventures’ geographical scope and on their critical capabilities such as absorptive and adaptive capabilities. Results from a sample of 183 Spanish international ventures confirm the importance of entrepreneurial orientation as a network characteristic for early geographical scope. Additionally, the positive effect of adaptive capability on new ventures’ early geographical dispersion has been confirmed but not so in the case of absorptive capabilities. Our results suggest that future research must be careful to assume international new ventures’ absorptive capability as a prerequisite to their cross-border expansion.     

A Simple Adaptive Procedure Leading to Correlated Equilibrium

We propose a new and simple adaptive procedure for playing a game: ‘regret‐matching.’ In this procedure, players may depart from their current play with probabilities that are proportional to measures of regret for not having used other strategies in the past. It is shown that our adaptive procedure guarantees that, with probability one, the empirical distributions of play converge to the set of correlated equilibria of the game.     

On Augmented Franses Tests for Seasonal Unit Roots

This article extends the results reported in del Barrio Castro, Osborn and Taylor (2012 del Barrio Castro, T., Osborn, D.R., Taylor, A. M.R. (2012). On augmented HEGY tests for seasonal unit roots. Econometric Theor. 18:1121–1143.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to the approach followed by Franses (1991a Franses, P. H. (1991a). Model selection and seasonality in time series. Tibergen Institute Series, 18. [Google Scholar],b Franses, P.H. (1991b). Seasonality, non-stationarity and the forecasting of monthly time series. Int. J. Forecast. 7:199–208.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to test for seasonal unit roots, providing the asymptotic representation to the seasonal unit roots tests proposed by Franses for a general number of seasons S.     

A Detrended Range Unit Root (DRUR) Test

We extend the Range Unit Root test in two directions. First, we consider the process with time trend and prove that the modified standardized number of new records converges to a sum of two Rayleigh distributions. Second, more general structures of autocorrelated disturbances are also taken into account. Monte Carlo experiments show the good sample properties of this nonparametric unit root test.     

Intermediate Units in Multinational Corporations: Advancing Theory on their Co‐parenting Role,Dynamics and Outcomes

Due to the dispersion of headquarters’ activities across organizational and geographical boundaries, intermediate units (IUs) are emerging as a key actor in international business. These units are intermediate structural layers between headquarters (HQ) and local subsidiaries with specific HQ responsibilities. Through a systematic review of 68 studies published between 1996 and 2020, we develop a conceptual framework that integrates complementary streams of theoretical and empirical research with IUs as the focal unit of analysis. Our aims are to disentangle how the main theories in this field address the antecedents of IU creation, and explain the dynamism in the roles and functions of IUs and their outcomes. We also propose a conceptualization of IUs as co‐parents in a dynamic system in which parenting functions are shared by IUs and headquarters. Finally, we highlight avenues for future research, emphasizing opportunities to advance the understanding of IUs using different theoretical lenses that may help scholars position their work within the broader stream of literature.     

Migratory flows and pandemic: An analysis of impacts on immigrants of foreign origin in Spain

Restrictions on mobility as a measure to contain the COVID-19 pandemic meant, in the case of Spain, an abrupt ending to what could be called the second international migratory boom. At the same time, internal migrations underwent considerable change, with cities becoming less attractive as a destination for migrants, and increased flows into rural areas. In this context, our aim is twofold. First, it is to describe and analyse the decline in international migration according to origin and, second, to analyse internal migration among the population of immigrant origin. The results point to a temporary steep downturn in international flows, which does not affect all origins equally. In the case of internal migrations, there is a slight reduction in the intensity of movements with patterns similar to those of the autochthonous population. However, this drop in numbers is very significant among Asians and barely noticeable among immigrants from Latin America.