排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1
1.
Katsumi Togashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1990,32(1):1-13
Summary Newly-emerged adults ofMonochamus alternatus aged 1 to 5 days were code-numbered with lacquer paint and released by placing them on the trunks of one or two trees in
aPinus thunbergii stand at weekly intervals during the beetle emergence period from 1980 to 1983. Beetles were captured at weekly intervals
from one week after the first day of release. Determinations were made on the distance and direction of beetle dispersal during
a week after release and analysed by a method of Inoue (1978). When the stand canopy was closed, the rate of beetle’s stay
on trees was 0.56 per week. The beetles dispersed at random by walk and flight. When the pine stand was sparse, the rate of
beetle’s stay on trees was 0.02–0.30 per week. They dispersed at random by flight. The average distances traversed were estimated
to be 7.1–37.8 m for the first week after emergence. Using other method, the average distance traversed was estimated to be
10–20 m for each week through the first 3 weeks after release. The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis and a
simple field experiment suggested that the dispersal of newly-emerged beetles was affected by stand density, number of beetles
emerging from individual dead trees, maximum air temperature, and precipitation. 相似文献
2.
Katsumi Togashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1991,33(2):245-256
Summary To understand the mechanism of spread of pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is vectored by a cerambycid,Monochamus alternatus, the spatial distribution of trees weakened by the nematode was examined within aPinus thunbergii stand from June to October for 4 years. The weakened trees were distributed in a clumped pattern in 1980 and 1981, at an
early stage of infestation. In many cases, they showed a double-clumped pattern. The degree of aggregation was higher in June
or July than after August. They were uniformly distributed in June or July 1982 and in June 1983 whereas they showed a double-clumped
pattern after August. The trees were frequently weakened in June or July when they were near the trees weakened during the
previous year. At quadrat sizes of more than 25 m2, spatial overlapping was pronounced between trees weakened during June–July of the current year and those weakened in the
previous year. The seasonal changes in spatial distribution of weakened trees were explained by the interaction amongM. alternatus, B. xylophilus andPinus trees. 相似文献
3.
Yuta Katsumi Suhkyung Kim Keen Sung Florin Dolcos Sanda Dolcos 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2017,41(4):345-365
Despite previous evidence identifying the role of ethnic and gender differences in nonverbal communication, few studies have comprehensively investigated the role of these factors in the effect of handshake on appraisals of social interactions. Here, 88 young adults (with equal proportions of Caucasians and East Asians, and women and men) observed and evaluated a series of movies illustrating guest–host interactions in a business setting. Each interaction started with a greeting protocol initiated by the host, which, in half of the trials, involved a handshake. The greeting was followed by a display of behaviors either encouraging (approach) or discouraging (avoidance) further interaction. Ethnicity and gender of the hosts were manipulated to depict the same categories represented by participants. First, the effect of handshake on appraisals of social interactions was more positive in Caucasian than in East Asian participants. Second, the effect of handshake on appraisals of social interactions was more positive for male than for female hosts in male participants, whereas such differences were not observed in female participants. Third, appraisals of social interactions involving approach and avoidance behaviors were more positive in Caucasian than in East Asian participants. Finally, appraisals of social interactions involving approach behaviors were more positive in female than in male participants. Overall, these findings shed light on the role of ethnic and gender differences in the appraisal of nonverbal behaviors, and extend our understanding of factors that may lead to successful social interaction in the context of growing diversity in our society. 相似文献
4.
The effects of distance between hatching larvae on survival and development were investigated inMonochamus alternatus. Two newly-hatched larvae were inoculated intoPinus densiflora bolts at a distance of 2.5 cm or 10 cm, simultaneously or at an interval of 2 weeks. Some larvae were inoculated singly as
a control. When larvae were inoculated simultaneously, mortality of the closely-inoculated larvae was significantly higher
than that of distantly-inoculated larvae. Such high mortality was identified as due to conspecific bites. When the two larvae
were inoculated asynchronously, the first-inoculated larvae killed some second-inoculated larvae but were never killed by
them. Consequently, mortality was higher in second-inoculated larvae than in first-inoculated larvae. In particular, there
was a significant difference in mortality between them when the larvae had been inoculated closely. The mortality of second-inoculated
larvae was higher in the closely-inoculated group than in the distantly-inoculated group although there was no significant
difference between them. In the case of two simultaneously-inoculated larvae, the initial distance between them had no significant
effect on the development and growth in the early larval stage. When the larvae were inoculated asynchronously, the first-inoculated
larvae grew more quickly than singly-inoculated control larvae. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
In this paper, we compare two estimators, the RLE (restricted Liu estimator) and the RLSE (restricted least squares estimator) of parameters in linear models under Gauss–Markov models. Using generalized inverse of matrices, we found some equivalency conditions for the superiority of the RLE with respect to the MSE criterion. 相似文献
8.
In Japan, the ratio of never-married men to married men has risen rapidly since the second half of the 1980s. In this paper,
we focus on the disruption of the gender balance, and on the effect that this and education level have on marriage behaviour.
We confirmed that the rise in the population of never-married men has a negative influence on the probability that men will
marry; however, it does not affect women’s behaviour. The effects of education in relation to the probability of marrying
are positive for men, and negative for women. Generally, a low educational background is associated with low income and our
results predict that elderly single men will tend to be of low socio-economic status. The present social security system is
substantially reliant on the assumption that most single older people have families. An increase in aged single men in recent
years means a new social security system is required. 相似文献
9.
Hiroyuki Kasahara Katsumi Shimotsu 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2012,80(5):2303-2319
This paper considers the estimation problem of structural models for which empirical restrictions are characterized by a fixed point constraint, such as structural dynamic discrete choice models or models of dynamic games. We analyze a local condition under which the nested pseudo likelihood (NPL) algorithm converges to a consistent estimator, and derive its convergence rate. We find that the NPL algorithm may not necessarily converge to a consistent estimator when the fixed point mapping does not have a local contraction property. To address the issue of divergence, we propose alternative sequential estimation procedures that can converge to a consistent estimator even when the NPL algorithm does not. 相似文献
10.
Hiroyuki Kasahara Katsumi Shimotsu 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2009,77(1):135-175
In dynamic discrete choice analysis, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity is an important issue, and finite mixture models provide flexible ways to account for it. This paper studies nonparametric identifiability of type probabilities and type‐specific component distributions in finite mixture models of dynamic discrete choices. We derive sufficient conditions for nonparametric identification for various finite mixture models of dynamic discrete choices used in applied work under different assumptions on the Markov property, stationarity, and type‐invariance in the transition process. Three elements emerge as the important determinants of identification: the time‐dimension of panel data, the number of values the covariates can take, and the heterogeneity of the response of different types to changes in the covariates. For example, in a simple case where the transition function is type‐invariant, a time‐dimension of T = 3 is sufficient for identification, provided that the number of values the covariates can take is no smaller than the number of types and that the changes in the covariates induce sufficiently heterogeneous variations in the choice probabilities across types. Identification is achieved even when state dependence is present if a model is stationary first‐order Markovian and the panel has a moderate time‐dimension (T 6). 相似文献
1