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1.
Kaoru Ueda 《Social Choice and Welfare》2002,19(3):613-626
In this paper we discuss the issue of when oligopolization in collective rent-seeking occurs, that is, when some groups retire
from rent-seeking. A complete characterization of the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium in a collective rent-seeking game among
m (≥2) heterogeneous groups is derived. The conditions of oligopolization are derived by using this result and related to the
works of Nitzan [9, 10] and Hillman and Riley [3]. Also, the subgame perfect equilibrium of a simple two-stage collective
rent-seeking game (Lee [7]) is fully characterized. In this game, it is confirmed that no group retires from the contest in
the second stage and oligopolization never occurs. An example of the two-stage collective rent-seeking game with monitoring
costs is devised to show the possibilities of oligopolization.
Received: 21 September 1999/Accepted: 27 March 2001 相似文献
2.
AbstractIn this paper, assuming that the error terms follow a multivariate t distribution, we derive the exact formula for the predictive mean squared error (PMSE) of two different types of pretest estimators. It is shown analytically that one of the pretest estimator dominates the SR estimator if a critical value of the pretest is chosen appropriately. Also, we compare the PMSE of the pretest estimators with the MMSE, AMMSE, SR and PSR estimators by numerical evaluations. Our results show that the pretest estimators dominate the OLS estimator for all combinations when the degrees of freedom is not more than 5. 相似文献
3.
This paper relaxes the Mittelhammer's (1981) assumption that the value of the true variance is known in the mixed regression model and examines the small sample, properties of the feasible mixed regression predictor under misspecification. The paper shows that the feasible mixed regression predictor is not always superior to the ordinary least squares predictor in terms of the weak mean square error when there exist omitted variables in the model. Further it shows that misspecificstion works favorably for the ordinary least squares predictor. 相似文献
4.
Kazuhiro Ohtani 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):2733-2746
In this paper, we derive the distribution and density functions of the feasible generalized ridge regression (GRR) estimator. It is shown that when the absolute value of a regression coefficient is close to zero, the distribution of the feasible GRR estimator is bimodal and has thinner tails than that of the OLS estimator. 相似文献
5.
This article uses a demographic approach and data from the Health and Retirement Survey, a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population, to investigate sex differences in the length of life lived with heart disease and after a heart attack for persons in the United States age 50 and older. On average, women live longer than men with heart disease. At age 50 women can expect to live 7.9 years and men 6.7 years with heart disease. The average woman experiences heart disease onset three years older and heart attacks 4.4 years older than men. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, we introduce the new workflow line system consisted of the location and image recording, which led to the acquisition of workflow information and the analysis display. From the results of workflow line investigation, we considered the anticipated effects and the problems on KAIZEN. Workflow line information included the location information and action contents information. These technologies suggest the viewpoints to help improvement, for example, exclusion of useless movement, the redesign of layout and the review of work procedure. Manufacturing factory, it was clear that there was much movement from the standard operation place and accumulation residence time. The following was shown as a result of this investigation, to be concrete, the efficient layout was suggested by this system. In the case of the hospital, similarly, it is pointed out that the workflow has the problem of layout and setup operations based on the effective movement pattern of the experts. This system could adapt to routine work, including as well as non-routine work. By the development of this system which can fit and adapt to industrial diversification, more effective "visual management" (visualization of work) is expected in the future. 相似文献
7.
Mizuno Y Yoshikawa T Matsuda F Takeuchi Y Motegi N Ikegami T Sakai K 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):5659-5661
The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic of workloads on human care worker with the introduction of IT system, and suggested the support measures for KAIZEN in Japan. The investigation method is workflow line and hearing with a focus on work observation. The objects were 8 human care workers of the acute hospital that introduced an electronic system. By the introduction of the electronic chart, the nurse station sojourn time decreased, sickroom sojourn time increased, and time about direct nursing care to a patient increased. In addition, access to patient information became easy, and the offer of the health care service based on correct information came to be possible in real time. By The point of workflow line, it was effect that moving lengths decreased in order to install the electronic chart in patients' rooms. Though, it was a problem that it hasn't formed where to place the instruments such as sphygmomanometer, clinical thermometer and others. 相似文献
8.
Estimation of Benchmark Dose of Lifetime Cadmium Intake for Adverse Renal Effects Using Hybrid Approach in Inhabitants of an Environmentally Exposed River Basin in Japan 下载免费PDF全文
Keiko Kubo Kazuhiro Nogawa Teruhiko Kido Muneko Nishijo Hideaki Nakagawa Yasushi Suwazono 《Risk analysis》2017,37(1):20-26
The aim of this study is to estimate the reference level of lifetime cadmium intake (LCd) as the benchmark doses (BMDs) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDLs) for various renal effects by applying a hybrid approach. The participants comprised 3,013 (1,362 men and 1,651 women) and 278 (129 men and 149 women) inhabitants of the Cd‐polluted and nonpolluted areas, respectively, in the environmentally exposed Kakehashi River basin. Glucose, protein, aminonitrogen, metallothionein, and β2‐microglobulin in urine were measured as indicators of renal dysfunction. The BMD and BMDL that corresponded to an additional risk of 5% were calculated with background risk at zero exposure set at 5%. The obtained BMDLs of LCd were 3.7 g (glucose), 3.2 g (protein), 3.7 g (aminonitrogen), 1.7 g (metallothionein), and 1.8 g (β2‐microglobulin) in men and 2.9 g (glucose), 2.5 g (protein), 2.0 g (aminonitrogen), 1.6 g (metallothionein), and 1.3 g (β2‐microglobulin) in women. The lowest BMDL was 1.7 g (metallothionein) and 1.3 g (β2‐microglobulin) in men and women, respectively. The lowest BMDL of LCd (1.3 g) was somewhat lower than the representative threshold LCd (2.0 g) calculated in the previous studies. The obtained BMDLs may contribute to further discussion on the health risk assessment of cadmium exposure. 相似文献
9.
Sufficiently high net worth of financial intermediaries (FIs) is considered a necessary condition for financial and macroeconomic stability. In this paper, we explore why the net worth of FIs is important as compared to that of nonfinancial firms using a dynamic general equilibrium model, in which both FIs and nonfinancial firms rely on costly external debt. We find that an exogenous disruption of the FIs' net worth has a greater aggregate impact than does the same‐sized disruption of the nonfinancial firms' net worth. The key reason is that the net worth of the FIs in the United States is small. (JEL E22, E44, G21) 相似文献
10.
Kazuhiro Ohtani 《Journal of applied statistics》1990,17(1):39-47
In this paper, we show a maximum likelihood estimation procedure in the Box-Cox model when a lagged dependent variable is included among explanatory variables and the first observation of the dependent variable is random. It is shown in a numerical example that a test of a coefficientof the lagged dependent variable is sensitive to whether the first observation of the dependentvariable is random or not. 相似文献