全球化与哲学的可能性

笔者认为哲学必须要“解决时代提出的问题”,“阐明事物的本质”,哲学具有完成这一任务的“可能性”。在全球化时代,哲学尤其要解决由“市场竞争”导致的精神问题以及其它全球性问题。现代已经成为最需要哲学的时代。     

关于声发射法在塑性加工中应用的研究——塑性加工界面摩擦润滑状态的分析(Ⅱ)

本文用声发射法分析了塑性加工界面摩擦润滑状态。得到了金属拉拔时,声发射事件总数与拉拔速度,断面收缩率,润滑油粘度之间的关系。从声发射参数的变化,可看出界面状态变化的情况。因此,用声发射法可对塑性加工界面上的摩擦润滑状态的变化,进行动态下实时监测,进而可为产品的加工质量监控,提供新的方法。     

A polynomial-time perfect sampler for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis>-Ising with a vertex-independent noise

We present a polynomial-time perfect sampler for the Q-Ising with a vertex-independent noise. The Q-Ising, one of the generalized models of the Ising, arose in the context of Bayesian image restoration in statistical mechanics. We study the distribution of Q-Ising on a two-dimensional square lattice over n vertices, that is, we deal with a discrete state space {1,…,Q} ⁿ for a positive integer Q. Employing the Q-Ising (having a parameter β) as a prior distribution, and assuming a Gaussian noise (having another parameter α), a posterior is obtained from the Bayes’ formula. Furthermore, we generalize it: the distribution of noise is not necessarily a Gaussian, but any vertex-independent noise. We first present a Gibbs sampler from our posterior, and also present a perfect sampler by defining a coupling via a monotone update function. Then, we show O(nlog n) mixing time of the Gibbs sampler for the generalized model under a condition that β is sufficiently small (whatever the distribution of noise is). In case of a Gaussian, we obtain another more natural condition for rapid mixing that α is sufficiently larger than β. Thereby, we show that the expected running time of our sampler is O(nlog n).     

Data sharpening on unknown manifold

This article is concerned with data sharpening (DS) technique in nonparametric regression under the setting where the multivariate predictor is embedded in an unknown low-dimensional manifold. Theoretical asymptotic bias is derived, which reveals that the proposed DS estimator has a reduced bias compared to the usual local linear estimator. The asymptotic normality of the DS estimator is also developed. It can be confirmed from simulation and applications to real data that the bias reduction for the DS estimator supported on unknown manifold is evident.     

日本的中国词学研究及新进展

中国的词,早在唐代就传到了日本。弘仁十四年（823）,日本嵯峨天皇、有智子内亲王和滋野贞主就有模仿追和之作。但日本关于中国词的研究,起步较晚。明治时期的森川竹蹊,是日本较早研究词学的专家。森川竹磺编著的《鸥梦吟社丛书》收录有中国词话著作七种,并予标点注释,这比唐圭璋先生编的《词话丛编》要早出版二十多年,比1921年况周颐和王文濡编印的《词话丛抄》也要早十来年。日本的词学研究,跟研究小说和诗歌的学者相比,人数较少,知道词的人也不多。近十五年来,研究词的学者逐渐增多,论著也增加了不少。村上哲见先生的《宋词研究——南宋篇》最具代表性。     

Equivalent comparisons of information channels

This article constructs a static model of information acquisition when the agent does not know exactly what pieces of information he is missing. A representation of preferences over information channels and menus of lotteries is shown by adapting the model of unforeseen contingencies by Dekel et al. (Econometrica 69:891–934, 2001; Econometrica 75:591–600, 2007), which is an extension of Kreps (Econometrica 47:565–576, 1979; Economic analysis of markets and games: essays in honor of Frank Hahn, 1992). Also, characterisation of informativeness of an information channel analogous to the one by Blackwell (Ann Math Stud 24:265–272, 1953) is examined in conjunction with the preference for flexibility by applying the structure of Shapley value.     

Variability in wing form of crickets

Loss of functional hindwings is observed in most subfamilies of Japanese crickets. Habitat, behaviour, body size and phylogenetic factors might be involved, but interactions among them may obscure the general trend. Wing dimorphism is common among the relatively small-sized members of Gryllinae, and the two small-sized subfamilies, Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae. Both environmental cues (e. g. photoperiod) and genetic factors affect the wing form. InDianemobius fascipes (Nemobiinae), the percentage macroptery was drastically changed by selection for macroptery or microptery. Crossing experiments indicated polygenic control of wing form as well asX-chromosomal and maternal effects. Neither the long-winged nor short-winged line bred true after 40 generations of selection. Full-sib families revealed a large genetic variation in frequency of macropterous forms within a population. The genetic determination of the propensity for macropterism did not seem to be directly coupled to the mechanism performing the photoperiodic time-measurement.