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排序方式: 共有395条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
CORRUPTION: TOP DOWN OR BOTTOM UP? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This article studies the impact of corruption on an economy with a hierarchical government. In particular, we study whether centralizing corruption within the higher level of government increases or decreases the total amount of corruption. We show that when the after-tax relative profitability of the formal sector as compared to that of the informal sector is high enough, adding a layer of government increases the total amount of corruption. By contrast, for high-enough public wages and/or an efficient monitoring technology of the bureaucratic system, centralization of corruption at the top of the government hierarchy redistributes bribe income from the lower level to the upper level. In the process, total corruption is reduced and the formal sector of the economy expands. 相似文献
2.
Sanjoy Roy Chowdhury 《Journal of applied statistics》2004,31(4):435-444
Taguchi (1959) introduced the concept of split-unit design to sort the factors into different groups depending upon the difficulties involved in changing the levels of factors. Li et al. (1991) renamed it as split-plot design. Chen et al. (1993) have given a catalogue of small designs for two- and three-level fractional factorial designs pertaining to a single type of factors. Aggarwal et al. (1997) have given a catalogue of group structure for two-level fractional factorial designs developed under the concept of split-plot design. In this paper, an algorithm has been developed for generating group structure and possible allocations for various 3n-k fractional factorial designs. 相似文献
3.
Roy AS 《The International migration review》1997,31(1):150-161
"Some previous Canadian studies have shown that considering the labor market as a whole and also pooling all immigrants as a group, immigrants do not have any job displacement effects on the Canadian born. This study presents some new evidence. It disaggregates immigrants by country of origin and by occupation groups and provides an analysis of job displacement effects of immigrants on the native-born Canadians by these dimensions. The study finds that (1) U.S. immigrants and the Canadians are substitutes [for] competing groups in the labor market and the effect is quite significant; (2) Canadians and Europeans are competing groups in certain occupations, while they have complementary skills in others; and (3) immigrants from the Third World and the Canadians are slightly competing groups in certain occupations." 相似文献
4.
Social Indicators Research - This paper provides a unified view for defining a measure of the reasons behind migration flows whose nature is of social and economic type. To this aim, worldwide... 相似文献
5.
6.
The generalized linear model (GLM) is a class of regression models where the means of the response variables and the linear predictors are joined through a link function. Standard GLM assumes the link function is fixed, and one can form more flexible GLM by either estimating the flexible link function from a parametric family of link functions or estimating it nonparametically. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that uses P-spline for nonparametrically estimating the link function which is guaranteed to be monotone. It is equivalent to fit the generalized single index model with monotonicity constraint. We also conduct extensive simulation studies to compare our nonparametric approach for estimating link function with various parametric approaches, including traditional logit, probit and robit link functions, and two recently developed link functions, the generalized extreme value link and the symmetric power logit link. The simulation study shows that the link function estimated nonparametrically by our proposed algorithm performs well under a wide range of different true link functions and outperforms parametric approaches when they are misspecified. A real data example is used to illustrate the results. 相似文献
7.
8.
On some consistent tests of mutual independence among several random vectors of arbitrary dimensions
Roy Angshuman Sarkar Soham Ghosh Anil K. Goswami Alok 《Statistics and Computing》2020,30(6):1707-1723
Statistics and Computing - Testing for mutual independence among several random vectors is a challenging problem, and in recent years, it has gained significant attention in statistics and machine... 相似文献
9.
Yasunaga A Park H Watanabe E Togo F Park S Shephard RJ Aoyagi Y 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2007,15(4):398-411
The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) is a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese; the authors report here on its repeatability and direct and indirect validity. Reliability was assessed by repeat administration after 1 month. Direct validation was based on accelerometer data collected every 4 s for 1 month in 147 individuals age 65-85 years. Indirect validation against a 10-item Barthel index (activities of daily living [ADL]) was completed in 3,084 individuals age 65-99 years. The test-retest coefficient was high (r = .64-.71). Total and subtotal scores for lower (transportation, housework, and labor) and higher intensity activities (exercise/sports) were significantly correlated with step counts and durations of physical activity <3 and >or=3 METs (r = .41, .28, .53), respectively. Controlling for age and ADL, scores for transportation, exercise/sports, and labor were greater in men, but women performed more housework. Sex- and ADL- or age-adjusted PAQ-EJ scores were significantly lower in older and dependent people. PAQ-EJ repeatability and validity seem comparable to those of instruments used in Western epidemiological studies. 相似文献
10.
Roy Behnke 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》1994,12(1):5-28
Current research on rangeland ecology suggests that we have less to fear from pastoral land stewardship than was previously thought. On the one hand, the natural environments exploited by pastoralists are generally robust and resilient. And on the other hand, pastoral techniques of land management are not as dysfunctional as was once widely assumed. While regulation of pastoral activity may be necessary in specific circumstances, there no longer exists a broad scientific mandate to control or modify almost every aspect of pastoral land use in order to preserve the environment. 相似文献