Identity Agents: Parents as Active and Reflective Participants in Their Children's Identity Formation

The paper introduces the concept of identity agents. This concept refers to those individuals who actively interact with children and youth with the intention of participating in their identity formation, and who reflectively mediate larger social influences on identity formation. This contrasts with the focus of mainstream research in the identity field that tends to portray adolescents as the sole reflective agents involved in mature identity development. The paper presents a theoretical analysis presenting the importance of the concept for the formulation of a comprehensive contextual theory of identity formation. The particulars of this concept are illustrated through the presentation of a qualitative report of religious parents actively encouraging their children's processes of identification, co‐participating in their children's identity's formation, and reflectively deliberating their parental roles and goals in regards to this process.     

Explicaciones No Psicologicas Del Comportamiento

Resumen

Se propone un acercamiento socio-construccionista para el estudio de las subjetividades de género sexual frente al tratamiento cognitivista y sociocognitivista, dominantes en Psicología Social, en la investigación sobre identidad sexual, estereotipos y categorías de género. Asimismo se parte de ciertos planteamientos provenientes de la epistemología feminista postmoderna que ponen un énfasis especial en el análisis del lenguaje como instrumento mediatizador, regulador y modelador de la subjetividad y el género desde una perspectiva de las relaciones de poder y su regulación de subjetividades. Desde este triple marco el objetivo es analizar si la subjetividad de género femenino, supuestamente heredada y compartida según la mayoría de estudios de estereotipos, modela las identificaciones de las propias mujeres o si éstas desarrollan formas de resistencia hacia ella. Por todo ello la metodología de Análisis del Discurso aparece como la estrategia de investigación más adecuada. Los resultados del Análisis del Discurso de las narraciones de las mujeres sobre ellas mismas pone de manifiesto distintas subjetividades con diferentes niveles de agencia en relación a la reproducción o transformación de la escisión de género femenino.     

Net immigration of gainful workers into the united states, 1870–1930

This paper presents a socioeconomic occupational grouping of the foreign-born gainful workers of the United States at each census from 1870 through 1930. This series is then used to estimate the net immigration of gainful workers into the United States during each of the six decades from 1870 to 1930 cross classified by occupational group and sex. The following three conclusions are then drawn from the above two series. First, the socioeconomic position of the foreign-born population of the United States remained relatively stable from 1870 to 1910 but then increased appreciably from 1910 to 1930. Second, although most of the contribution that immigration made to the United States labor force was in the form of semiskilled and unskilled workers, the relative importance of professional, clerical, and skilled workers increased almost continuously from 1870 to 1930. Third, the “new immigration” was not less skilled than the “old immigration”. On the contrary it was actually more skilled than the “old immigration”.     

Practical ways psychotherapy can support physical healthcare experiences for male survivors of childhood sexual abuse

Many survivors of child sexual abuse who engage in psychotherapy also experience physical health problems. This article summarizes the findings of a multiphased qualitative study about survivors' experiences in healthcare settings. The study informed the development of the Handbook on Sensitive Practice for Health Care Practitioners: Lessons from Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse (Schachter, Stalker, Teram, Lasiuk, & Danilkewich, 2009), which is intended to help healthcare providers from all disciplines understand the effect of child sexual abuse on some survivors' abilities to access and benefit from health care. This paper discusses what psychotherapists can learn from the healthcare experiences of the male survivors who participated in this project. It also offers practical suggestions for supporting male clients who experience difficulty seeking treatment for physical health concerns.     

Investigators,industry, and the heuristic device: Ethics,patent law,and clinical innovation

There has been much discussion about the prevalence of scientific misconduct. Investigational drug trials and cancer clinical trials have been audited systematically in recent years. Review of the results of these audits indicates that misconduct is not uncommon: serious deficiencies have been identified in 11% of audits of drug trials by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The trend has been toward fewer of the most serious problems in the most recent years of the audit program, suggesting that it is having a deterrent effect. Still, many problems remain. A series of possible strategies for addressing them are critically assessed. The experience of this program of fers a model approach to evaluating potential misconduct in science against which programs in other agencies and other areas of science should be measured.     

Knowledge translation efforts in child and youth mental health: a systematic review

The availability of knowledge translation strategies that have been empirically studied and proven useful is a critical prerequisite to narrowing the research-to-practice gap in child and youth mental health. Through this review the authors sought to determine the current state of scientific knowledge of the effectiveness of knowledge translation approaches in child and youth mental health by conducting a systematic review of the research evidence. The findings and quality of the 12 included studies are discussed. Future work of high methodological quality that explores a broader range of knowledge translation strategies and practitioners to which they are applied and that also attends to implementation process is recommended.     

Slipping Into and Out of Underemployment: Another Disadvantage for Nonmetropolitan Workers?1

Abstract Underemployment, which goes beyond unemployment to include the working poor, discouraged workers, and involuntary part-time workers, is a useful measure of employment hardship. We argue that underemployment should be included with other conventional indicators of the disadvantaged circumstances of nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) labor, in terms not only of prevalence, but also of the likelihood of transitions into and out of underemployment. We take advantage of the quasi-longitudinal nature of the U.S. Current Population Surveys to estimate models of year-to-year employment transitions for the quarter century 1968 to 1993. We find that (1) adequately employed nonmetro workers are more likely than their more urban counterparts to become underemployed; (2) the nonmetro underemployed are less likely to become adequately employed; (3) statistical controls only strengthen these nonmetro disadvantages; (4) the employment transitions of nonmetro workers are less affected by shifts in the direction of the national economy than are those of metro workers; and (5) nonmetro women are more disadvantaged than women residing elsewhere.     

Measurement biases in user involvement research

Considerable research has been conducted to demonstrate user involvement's effect on information system success. User involvement and system success typically have been measured by asking users for their perceptions of these variables. This paper reports on a field study conducted to investigate the possibility that this approach to measuring study variables tends to overstate the benefits of user involvement. The link of user involvement to user satisfaction is found to be significantly weaker when user involvement is assessed by systems analysts than when it is self reported. Further, this difference is found to be greater for systems with few users than for systems with many users. The findings suggest that common method variance and self-serving bias may have overstated the apparent benefits of user involvement in past research on information systems. Suggestions for future research are presented.