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1.
F. Prataviera J. C. S. Vasconcelos G. M. Cordeiro E. M. Hashimoto 《Journal of applied statistics》2019,46(10):1792-1821
We define the exponentiated power exponential distribution and propose a regression model with different systematic structures based on the new distribution. We show that the new regression model can be applied to dispersion data since it represents a parametric family of models that includes as sub-models some widely-known regression models. It then can be used more effectively in the analysis of real data. We use maximum likelihood estimation and derive the appropriate matrices for assessing local influence on the parameter estimates under different perturbation schemes. Some global-influence measurements are also investigated and simulation studies are performed to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates. We provide an application of the regression model with four systematic structures to nursing activities score data in the Unit of the Medical Clinic of University of São Paulo (USP) Hospital. 相似文献
2.
We propose a mechanism for the provision of public goods called the extended pivotal mechanism, which works on wider environments
than quasi-linear ones. This mechanism is shown to be a natural extension of the pivotal (Clarke) mechanism because the restriction
of the mechanism to the quasi-linear domain coincides with the pivotal mechanism, and because it is the only mechanism satisfying
strategy-proofness, an efficient condition (partial efficiency), and an equity condition (the welfare lower bound property),
which characterize the pivotal mechanism. 相似文献
3.
Takehiko Hashimoto 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(1):123-133
Although punctuality is well attained in present Japan, many foreign engineers who arrived in Japan from the mid 19th century
observed that Japanese were seemingly indifferent to the clock, which leads us to a question about the origin of punctuality
in modern Japan. The present paper first explains the time system and clocks in the Edo period, and then follows the origin
and the evolution of punctuality in various sectors of Japanese society. Introducing the historian Sakae Tsunoyama’s two-layer
theory to explain the origin of punctuality in modern Japan, the paper explores a question about when punctuality was attained
and society accelerated in postwar Japan.
Japanese Abstract 時間規律は現代の日本社会ではよく確立されている。 しかし、19 世紀末に日本に到来した多くの外国人技術者にとっては日本人が時計には無関心であるように思えた。このことは、近代日本における時間規律の起源という歴史的問題に導かれる。本稿は、最初に江戸時代における時刻制度と和時計について説明し、続いて日本社会の各領域における時間規律の起源と発展について追いかける。近代日本における時間規律の起源に関する歴史家角山榮による 2 層理論を紹介した上で、戦後日本における時間規律の達成、社会の加速化について検討する。相似文献
4.
Summary As a quantitative approach to the life histories of fishes, the present paper attempted to predict a relation among reproduction,
growth and mortality numerically with a technique of control theory, the discrete maximum principle. A method for predicting
the relation was derived on the postulate that natural selection maximized the net reproductive rate subject to a few constraints.
The derived method was applied to Atlantic cod and Atlantic herring populations in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence as numerical
examples. The examples demonstrated that the theoretical reproductive effort and body weight were well consistent with the
observed ones every age but the theoretical survival rates were slightly different from the observed ones. For the reasons
mentioned below, however, it should be interpreted that the examples rather support the adopted postulate to a certain degree.
First, in general, it is very difficult to obtain good estimates of the rates with traditional methods. Second, intense fishing
pressure possibly changes the life history parameters to some extent in fish populations. Moreover, the examples also suggested
that, to examine the postulate in further detail, similar analyses had to be made with the data of many fish populations on
which intense fishing pressure had not been exerted. 相似文献
5.
6.
The interval-censored survival data appear very frequently, where the event of interest is not observed exactly but it is only known to occur within some time interval. In this paper, we propose a location-scale regression model based on the log-generalized gamma distribution for modelling interval-censored data. We shall be concerned only with parametric forms. The proposed model for interval-censored data represents a parametric family of models that has, as special submodels, other regression models which are broadly used in lifetime data analysis. Assuming interval-censored data, we consider a frequentist analysis, a Jackknife estimator and a non-parametric bootstrap for the model parameters. We derive the appropriate matrices for assessing local influence on the parameter estimates under different perturbation schemes and present some techniques to perform global influence. 相似文献
7.
This paper discusses the results of a time budget survey which was conducted nationwide in Japan in 1995 on ‘information behavior’, that is, the amount of time people spent communicating and using information media ranging from conversations to computers. We propose a three-dimensional time budget survey as a method for measuring information behavior in actual life. The method classifies information behavior into 24 categories and measures them with respect to three factors, i.e. time, location and purpose of behavior. Our survey revealed that the total time spent on information behavior was about seven hours per day, of which about 45% was spent watching TV. The displacement effect of PC use on TV watching was estimated by a “time-shift matching” design. The results demonstrated that use of a PC does not significantly affect TV viewing, despite a large difference in TV viewing time between PC users and non-users. 相似文献
8.
Kazuhiko Hashimoto 《Social Choice and Welfare》2008,31(3):457-473
We study the optimal design of an organization in which a team of fallible individuals with heterogeneous abilities collectively
decides whether to accept or reject projects. Conventional wisdom tells us that the opinion of those individuals with better
decision-making abilities should be given a “larger” weight in the decision. We formalize this intuition in a sequential evaluation
process and provide specific ways to characterize the optimal decision weights, as well as demonstrate that the magnitude
of the weights depends on the relative abilities of the decision-makers, as well as where the decision-makers are placed in
the project evaluation sequence. 相似文献
9.
Tadashi Miyashita 《Researches on Population Ecology》1992,34(1):15-28
Summary Mean daily food consumption and total lifetime food consumption of the spider,Nephila clavata, were estimated in natural populations. Daily food consumption in the late adult stage was 27–150 mg wet weight, which was
nearly equivalent or slightly larger than that in other large web-building spiders. Considerable variation in food consumption
was found among habitats or years. The largest variation among habitats in the same year was 7 and 5 fold for daily and lifetime
consumption, respectively, while that among years in the same habitat was 3.5 and 2.5 for daily and lifetime consumption,
respectively. Feeding conditions evaluated from the food consumption per body weight of spiders declined during the period
from mid-July to mid-September in almost all the populations, which suggested that they faced to severe food limitation in
this period. 相似文献
10.
THE EMERGENCE OF TRENDSETTERS FOR FASHIONS AND FADS: 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Analyses of fads and fashions often note the importance of trendsetters whose early adoption of novelties provides an example for others to follow. However, trendsetting is usually taken for granted; there is no effort to explain why some groups assume fashion leadership. This article seeks to account for the rise of kogaru (stylish high-school girls) as trendsetters in 1990s Japan. We argue that trendsetting requires resources—particularly leisure time to devote to fashion, disposable income, and communication networks. Kogaru became trendsetters because they gained these resources at a time when the female college students who preceded them had less time for trendsetting, and when economic recession made inexpensive items of the sort kogaru could afford more desirable fashion objects. At the same time, new electronic technologies sped the flow of information among kogaru, while media coverage of this new social type gave kogaru visibility in the larger society. 相似文献