对神灵的殷勤与祭祀

仪式的流程是所有与神灵和祖先相关的中国仪式中最为基础的。这些仪式所涉及的是组织仪式活动的祭祀者以及接受祭祀并能够对祭祀活动作出反应的神灵之间的一种关系。在人类学中对仪式的描述有两种范式。一种是“殷勤”（hospitality）,另一种则是“祭祀”（sacrifice）。     

器物之用——物质性的人类学探究

当代学界对器物与物品的研究,总易建立在主体与客体、理性与感性的二分之上,从而或将器物视为社会关系或社会性的反映,或将物抽离于语境来研究。这也使得当代博物馆的建立与陈列中,器物被去除其灵性与意义,器物与其制造者、使用者、消费者,甚至博物馆参观者之间的生动联系被割裂,而成为死气沉沉之物。本文引入拉图尔的“事实拜物教”（factishism）一词,并不再局限于仅从器物的制造角度来看物,而是重新探讨器物之灵性,即器物何以通过仪式等方式而被激活,从而获得一种自主性。这样一种视角,也是对破除欧洲中心主义器物研究的有力反思。     

Relocation or dislocation?—A planned approach to location

The commercial success, or indeed the survival, of an enterprise depends on forward thinking. Whether planners use sophisticated planning and modelling techniques or simply rely on hunches the objective of their planning is to project the economic environment, the market for goods and services, technological developments, etc. It is a fact, however, that relatively few enterprises, except those engaged in physical distribution, appreciate the often critical strategic importance of the location of their operations. The author deals with the factors involved in any decision to relocate.     

Energy choices for the future

The development of modern society has been intimately linked with the expansion of energy supplies. The world has reached a situation where it has become apparent that it cannot continue along the same path on the basis of exploitation of depleting low cost oil and gas reserves. A range of apparent choices is open but only the joint exploitation of coal and nuclear power appear to offer a sure means of providing for energy growth and, in due course, substituting for oil and gas. The full realization of the nuclear contribution is dependent upon the development of the fast reactor, though the timing of its introduction has to be based on judgments on the rate of expansion of electricity demand and the future availability of uranium.     

大學生英語學習動機衰竭現象研究(英文)

動機在二語/外語學習中起著重要作用。外部原因,如教師的批抨和過低的考試分數,會造成動機的衰竭(demotivation)。經歷動機衰竭的學習者表現出被動、抵制、放棄、厭煩、焦慮等行為和負面情緒。不少學生以濃厚的興趣開始以討厭或絕望告終。這種動機衰竭現象在外語學習中屢見不鮮。本文研究動機強烈學生和動機衰竭學生的不同之處以期更好地理解動機衰竭的原因,以半開放式深度訪談為主要研究方式。根據定性研究程式的要求,封各種资料進行了歸納,發现兩組學生在六個方面存在明顯不同: 1)歸宿感;2)考試分數的影響;3)內在動機和外在動機的轉化;4)封四圾考試的態度和焦慮;5)學習觀念與認知策略;6)自我調節。     

基于扎根理论的临时性组织模型

信息技术的发展促进了新的组织形式和工作方式的出现。所谓的全球虚拟团队就是一个新组织形式和新工作方式的例子。应用扎根理论建立的一个关于如何建立临时性组织的模型可以揭示组织为适应环境要求而出现的一些新的重要特征,同时从理论上揭示出了一种尚未被发现的新的组织变革模式。     

不同文明中的祭祀

在人类学词汇里用得最频繁的术语“祭祀”有着一个非常广的参照对象。2013年4月21日至23日,在四川成都安仁召开了一个“不同文明中的祭祀”国际工作坊,对“祭祀”的不同定义进行了探讨。工作坊参与者从以往和最近的方法对祭祀进行了不同的分析。本文对工作坊中提交的这些论文作一简单介绍。     

祭祀:概念的阐释

一、字面上的陷阱 “sacrifice”一直以来就具有一种字面上的迷惑性,这个源自拉丁语的词汇在英语中可以表达非常广泛的意义。拉丁语中“sacrifice”一词最早是指“使某些东西变得神圣”,     

祭祀对世界“中间状”的物化

Deriving from a quote in MarcellMauss ＇ essay on techniques of the Body , as well as based on the exploration of cases from ancient Mesopotamia , the eastern Mediterranean , and Africa .The author voices his concerns on the relationship between sacrifice and ＂materiali-zing＂.He states that sacrifice can animate , i.e.give life to sacrificial objects and by doing so turn them into subjects or agents who are dependent on the sacrificial process for their flourish-ing.Sacrifice as a life giving act creates a person through eating and feeding the recognition by the subject of its dependence on the source of that creativity .This can be the basis for contrasting it to funerary rites where it is death and the corpse that is envisaged as the sacrifice which is offered in some form as ＂feeding＂ the Gods.