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1.
Personal Values as Mitigating Factors in the Link Between Income and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the European Social Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the first two rounds of the European Social Survey, we examine the link between income, reference income and
life satisfaction across Western Europe. We find that whilst there is a strong positive relationship between income and life
satisfaction, reference or comparison income exerts a strong negative influence. Interestingly, our results confirm the importance
of personal values and beliefs not only as predictors of subjective well-being, but also as mitigating factors in the relationship
between income, reference income and life satisfaction. While our findings provide additional empirical support for the relative
utility hypothesis, they are also consistent with Rojas’ (J Econ Psychol 28:1–14, 2007) Conceptual-Referent-Theory (CRT), which is based on the premise that the salience of income and comparison income depends on one’s intrinsic values
and personal beliefs.
相似文献
Yannis GeorgellisEmail: |
2.
Exploiting the theoretical parallels between the matching of workers to jobs in the labour market and the matching of individuals
in the marriage market, we use a search theoretic model of marriage formation and dissolution to examine the effect of divorce
costs on both decisions. By introducing learning at both stages of the marital decision process, we show that divorce costs
not only affect the probability of divorce but also the probability of marriage. Interestingly, to what extent divorce costs
affect the marital status distribution depends on the information regarding the quality of the potential marriage that individuals
receive while encountering marital offers.
Received: 30 July 1996/Accepted: 7 December 1998 相似文献
3.
We explore whether employees compare their pay to the pay of others in a similarly prestigious occupation and, if so, whether this comparison has a negative impact on pay satisfaction. Using an experimental vignette methodology, Study 1 found that people are more inclined to compare with others from a similar or identical occupation and that comparison negatively impacts pay satisfaction. This comparison and its negative effect is particularly strong in high‐prestige occupations. Based on survey data, Study 2 also showed that the average pay of others in occupations of similar prestige is negatively correlated with employees’ pay satisfaction. This negative correlation was also stronger in higher‐prestige occupations. Our analysis highlights the importance of occupational prestige as a main factor influencing pay comparison. 相似文献
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5.
Giulia El-Dardiry Christine Dimitrakaki Chara Tzavara Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer Yannis Tountas 《Social indicators research》2012,105(1):75-92
In this paper, we examined dimensions of child health-related quality of life in Greece in relation to parental assessments
of neighbourhood social capital and social support networks. For the analysis, two main measures were used: (1) child self-reported
health-related quality of life in ten dimensions, as measured by the KIDSCREEN questionnaire; (2) subjective measures of parental
neighbourhood social capital and social support. Parental assessments of neighbourhood social capital and social support were
both independently and positively associated with child self-reported health-related quality of life. However, they were not
associated with the same dimensions of child well being, nor were they associated with all dimensions of child well being.
These results suggest that greater attention in future research needs to be paid to the differential associations between
the various dimensions of social capital and child health-related quality of life, with clear focus implications for social
and health policies. 相似文献
6.
In this study, we bring together a top‐down and a bottom‐up approach of risk handling. We do so by conceptualizing and qualitatively and quantitatively measuring formal and informal risk‐handling strategies in a Dutch utility company. We conceive of formal risk handling as regulating, training, and educating safety and enforcing rule compliance, while we distinguish three different informal risk‐handling strategies: discretionary specialization, tacit knowledge, and taking personal responsibility. We show that the formal risk‐handling strategy and the three informal risk‐handling strategies can be measured separately. Hence, we have validated the measurement of all four strategies derived from two different risk‐handling approaches. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the perceived use of the four strategies has different effects on unsafe behavior: formal risk handling and tacit knowledge decrease it, discretion increases it, and taking personal responsibility has no effect on unsafe behavior. 相似文献
7.
Yannis Marinakis Athanasios Migdalas Panos M. Pardalos 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2009,17(2):134-156
In this paper, a new modified version of Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP), called Multiple Phase Neighborhood
Search—GRASP (MPNS-GRASP), is proposed for the solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem. In this method, some procedures
have been included to the classical GRASP algorithm in order to improve its performance and to cope with the major disadvantage
of GRASP which is that it does not have a stopping criterion that will prevent the algorithm from spending time in iterations
that give minor, if any, improvement in the solution. Thus, in MPNS-GRASP a stopping criterion based on Lagrangean Relaxation
and Subgradient Optimization is proposed. Also, a different way for expanding the neighborhood search is used based on a new
strategy, the Circle Restricted Local Search Moves strategy. A new variant of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm, called Random Backtracking
Lin-Kernighan that helps the algorithm to diversify the search in non-promising regions of the search space is used in the
Expanding Neighborhood Search phase of the algorithm. Finally, a Path Relinking Strategy is used in order to explore trajectories
between elite solutions. The proposed algorithm is tested on numerous benchmark problems from TSPLIB with very satisfactory
results. 相似文献
8.
Puremeluan B. Major Shuby Puthussery Yannis Pappas 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(2):e189-e196
Background
Mother-to-child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus continues to be a major problem in Nigeria. Despite several initiatives, the number of infected pregnant women receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the virus remains low in Nigeria. Evidence suggests that attitudes and perceptions of the pregnant women influence their use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy.Aim
To understand the attitudes and perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected pregnant women towards the use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Nigeria.Method
Twenty four Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected pregnant women were purposively selected from antenatal clinics. Women’s attitudes and perceptions towards the use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy were explored using semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in May/June 2016. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic approach.Findings
Overall, participants reflected a positive attitude about using Anti-Retroviral Therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission and perceived the treatment as beneficial. The main themes identified included: perceived benefits of Anti-Retroviral Therapy; barriers to using Anti-Retroviral Therapy; threat from the susceptibility to the illness and the severity; perceived roles in treatment; and the negative behaviours of healthcare providers.Conclusion
The findings provide useful insights to inform Nigeria’s health policies on Anti-Retroviral Therapy. There is a need to educate the women on the benefits of the treatment as well as how they can cope with side effects and the daily regimen of the therapy during pregnancy. The findings also indicate the need for training healthcare providers on facilitative patient-provider relationship. 相似文献9.
Moments and central moments of a random variable X are expressed as integrals of functions of lower-order conditional moments and the cumulative distribution of X. In particular, sample central moments of order 2k are expressed as the sum of between groups variations, providing an analogue to the analysis of variance. Similar expressions are obtained for the expectations of real-valued and measurable functions of X. 相似文献
10.
We consider estimation and goodness-of-fit tests in GARCH models with innovations following a heavy-tailed and possibly asymmetric distribution. Although the method is fairly general and applies to GARCH models with arbitrary innovation distribution, we consider as special instances the stable Paretian, the variance gamma, and the normal inverse Gaussian distribution. Exploiting the simple structure of the characteristic function of these distributions, we propose minimum distance estimation based on the empirical characteristic function of properly standardized GARCH-residuals. The finite-sample results presented facilitate comparison with existing methods, while the new procedures are also applied to real data from the financial market. 相似文献