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This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) for parallel redundancy optimization in series-parallel power systems exhibiting
multi-state behavior, optimizing the reliability subject to constraints. The components are binary and chosen from a list
of products available in the market, and are being characterized by their feeding capacity, reliability, cost and weight.
System reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy consumer demand and is presented as a piecewise cumulative load curve.
In GA, to handle infeasible solutions penalty strategies are used. Penalty technique keep a certain amount of infeasible solutions
in each generation so as to enforce genetic search towards an optimal solution from sides of, both, feasible and infeasible
regions. We here present a dynamic adaptive penalty function which helps the algorithm to search efficiently for optimal/near
optimal solution. To evaluate system reliability, a fast procedure, based on universal generating function, is used. An example
considering a multi-state series-parallel power system is solved considering both homogeneous and heterogeneous types of redundancy.
Also an example considering price discounts is solved. The effectiveness of the penalty function and the proposed algorithm
is studied and shown graphically. 相似文献
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In this paper, we consider the problem of making statistical inference for a truncated normal distribution under progressive type I interval censoring. We obtain maximum likelihood estimators of unknown parameters using the expectation-maximization algorithm and in sequel, we also compute corresponding midpoint estimates of parameters. Estimation based on the probability plot method is also considered. Asymptotic confidence intervals of unknown parameters are constructed based on the observed Fisher information matrix. We obtain Bayes estimators of parameters with respect to informative and non-informative prior distributions under squared error and linex loss functions. We compute these estimates using the importance sampling procedure. The highest posterior density intervals of unknown parameters are constructed as well. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study to compare the performance of proposed point and interval estimators. Analysis of a real data set is also performed for illustration purposes. Finally, inspection times and optimal censoring plans based on the expected Fisher information matrix are discussed. 相似文献
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The often paradoxical relationship between investment in information technology and gains in productivity has recently been attributed to a lack of user acceptance of information technology innovations. Diverse streams of research have attempted to explain and predict user acceptance of new information technologies. A common theme underlying these various research streams is the inclusion of the perceived characteristics of an innovation as key independent variables. Furthermore, prior research has utilized different outcomes to represent user acceptance behavior. In this paper we focus on individual's perceptions about the characteristics of the target technology as explanatory and predictive variables for acceptance behavior, and present an empirical study examining the effects of these perceptions on two frequently used outcomes in the context of the innovation represented by the World Wide Web. The two outcomes examined are initial use of an innovation and intentions to continue such use in the future, that is, to routinize technology use. Two research questions motivated and guided the study. First, are the perceptions that predict initial use the same as those that predict future use intentions? Our results confirm, as hypothesized by prior research, that innovation characteristics do explain acceptance behavior. The results further reveal that the specific characteristics that are relevant for each acceptance outcome are different. The second research question asks if perceived voluntariness plays a role in technology acceptance. Results show that external pressure has an impact on adopters' acceptance behavior. Theoretical and practical implications that follow are presented. 相似文献
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Rob Hope Mamta Borgoyary Chetan Agarwal 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2008,26(5):585-602
Incentive‐based approaches have gained policy interest in linking change in agricultural land management with environmental conservation. This article investigates how scheme design influences smallholder farmers' decisions to switch to organic farming to reduce water pollution, drawing on a study at a Ramsar wetland site providing water for the city of Bhopal. Results from a choice experiment suggest that transitional payments are necessary to overcome farmer constraints to adopt organic farming, and that effective land certification has the potential to act as a self‐enforcing mechanism linking farmer incomes with wetland conservation benefits. 相似文献
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B. L. Agarwal 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(2):723-738
In the present paper, the author has considered and compared the power of three test procedures, based on two preliminary tests of significance (PTS), for testing a main effect in a three factor factorial experiment. Davenport and Webster (1973) type test statistics are used in the final test. Recommendation for a suitable size of PTS has been made so that the power of a test procedure is adequately high. 相似文献
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The authors discuss a number of variables that may influence the perception of ethical climate in the nonprofit sector, including individual, organizational, and significant other (peers, coworkers, and superiors) variables. The basis of this discussion is the model developed by Agarwal and Malloy (1999) identifying a framework for nonprofits that is distinct from the for‐profit orientation. The authors provide ten propositions and discuss their implications. 相似文献
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In this paper, we empirically assess the role of individual social capital on personal bankruptcy and default outcomes in the consumer credit market. After controlling for a borrower’s risk score, debt, income, wealth, and legal and economic environments, we find that default/bankruptcy risk rises and then falls over the lifecycle, while a borrower who owns a home or is married has a lower risk of default/bankruptcy. Moreover, a borrower who migrates 190 miles from his “state of birth” is 17% more likely to default and 15% more likely to file for bankruptcy, while a borrower who continues to live in his state of birth is 14% and 10% less likely to default and file for bankruptcy, respectively. A borrower who moves to a rural area is 9% and 7% less likely to default and declare bankruptcy, respectively. We also find that measures of social networks, norms, and cooperation and trust (i.e., aggregate social capital) are inversely related to consumer bankruptcy. 相似文献
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Based on hybrid censored data, the problem of making statistical inference on parameters of a two parameter Burr Type XII distribution is taken up. The maximum likelihood estimates are developed for the unknown parameters using the EM algorithm. Fisher information matrix is obtained by applying missing value principle and is further utilized for constructing the approximate confidence intervals. Some Bayes estimates and the corresponding highest posterior density intervals of the unknown parameters are also obtained. Lindley’s approximation method and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique have been applied to evaluate these Bayes estimates. Further, MCMC samples are utilized to construct the highest posterior density intervals as well. A numerical comparison is made between proposed estimates in terms of their mean square error values and comments are given. Finally, two data sets are analyzed using proposed methods. 相似文献