排序方式: 共有6条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1
1.
Yuichiro Nishida Keitaro Tanaka Megumi Hara Noriko Hirao Hiroaki Tanaka Takuro Tobina Masaharu Ikeda Hiroshi Yamato Masanori Ohta 《European review of aging and physical activity》2017,14(1):7
Background
A low urine pH is a characteristic metabolic feature of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based bench step exercise on the urine pH status of elderly female subjects.Methods
The current study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 59 postmenopausal female subjects were randomized to either the exercise group (n?=?29) or the control group (n?=?30). The subjects in the exercise group were instructed to perform home-based exercises using a bench step at the anaerobic threshold (AT), with a goal of performing ≥140 min/week at home for 12 weeks. The subjects in the control group were instructed to not change their normal lifestyle. Urine was collected after overnight fasting, and the urine pH was measured using a urinary test strip. The inter-group-differences at baseline and the pre-post changes within groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, respectively. Additionally, the difference in the post-intervention urine pH levels of the two groups, adjusted for the pre-intervention values (the estimated effect size) and the precision (95% confidence intervals) were investigated using an analysis of covariance.Results
The pre-post comparison of the urine pH data using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test showed a significant increase in the urine pH levels of the exercise group (p?<?0.05); there was no significant change in the urine pH levels of the control group. However, the estimated effect size (0.15) was small and the confidence interval straddled 0 (?0.25–0.55).Conclusions
Based on the results of the current secondary analysis of an RCT, we could not clearly conclude that exercise has a beneficial effect on the urine pH. Further well-designed RCTs should be conducted to determine whether aerobic exercise is truly able to ameliorate urine acidification.Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) as “Effect of step exercise on aerobic fitness and progression of atherosclerosis in the elderly” under the registration number UMIN 000026743 (the date of registration: March 28, 2017).2.
Isamu Kamada 《International Journal of Japanese Sociology》1993,2(1):47-63
Abstract It is often said that the Japanese lack the firm consciousness of “self” namely, they yield to groups and are absorbed in an anonymous state. Some ascribe this to the Japanese language, in which the first and the second person are expressed by various pronouns (or, in many cases, are even omitted) in accordance with the relationships between persons. By contrast the Westerner's “I,” which is usually the only pronoun for the first-person, is rarely omitted. They conclude from this that the Japanese individual does not possess as clearly defined a conception of “self” as does the Westerner. Underlying this issue are the fundamental, interwoven questions of language and self-consciousness: does “self” really exist, and does the analysis of the I in language pertain to the first question? This paper discusses these questions by considering Wittgenstein's argument that “I” does not refer to self-consciousness: rather, “self” is a metaphysical reification of “I.” These problems concern sociology, in which the “subject” of action has been the focal point of methodological arguments. I will show that Meadian interactionism and critical theory are deeply rooted in the metaphysical, subjectivist understanding of “I,” while ethnomethodology offers a perspective which overcomes both subjectivism and objectivism for studying communication. 相似文献
3.
The mean squared error (MSE)-minimizing local variable bandwidth for the univariate local linear estimator (the LL) is well-known. This bandwidth does not stabilize variance over the domain. Moreover, in regions where a regression function has zero curvature, the LL estimator is discontinuous. In this paper, we propose a variance-stabilizing (VS) local variable diagonal bandwidth matrix for the multivariate LL estimator. Theoretically, the VS bandwidth can outperform the multivariate extension of the MSE-minimizing local variable scalar bandwidth in terms of asymptotic mean integrated squared error and can avoid discontinuity created by the MSE-minimizing bandwidth. We present an algorithm for estimating the VS bandwidth and simulation studies. 相似文献
4.
Yuichiro Kamada 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2010,78(2):823-832
Fudenberg and Levine (1993a) introduced the notion of self‐confirming equilibrium, which is generally less restrictive than Nash equilibrium. Fudenberg and Levine also defined a concept of consistency, and claimed in their Theorem 4 that with consistency and other conditions on beliefs, a self‐confirming equilibrium has a Nash equilibrium outcome. We provide a counterexample that disproves Theorem 4 and prove an alternative by replacing consistency with a more restrictive concept, which we call strong consistency. In games with observed deviators, self‐confirming equilibria are strongly consistent self‐confirming equilibria. Hence, our alternative theorem ensures that despite the counterexample, the corollary of Theorem 4 is still valid. 相似文献
5.
Yuichiro Kanazawa 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(5):1401-1422
A simple procedure for specifying a histogram with variable cell sizes is proposed. The procedure chooses a set of cutpoints that maximizes a criterion function based on the sample spacings:Under some conditions, this estimated set of cutpoints is shown to converge in probability to the theoretical set of cutpoints for the histogram estimate that minimizes the Hellingerdistance to the underlying density. An algorithm for finding the set of cutpoints that numerically maximizes the criterion function is presented along with an example. Performance for finite sample sizes is evaluated by simulations. 相似文献
6.
1