Does a universal non-contributory social pension make sense for rural China?

China’s pension reform during the past three decades has allowed a majority of China’s population to be covered by a pension scheme. Of particular note has been the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS), a voluntary programme introduced starting in 2009. One goal of our analysis is to assess that pension scheme, using a variety of sources of information including data drawn from recent (2013 and 2015) nationwide China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys (CHARLS). Our analysis involves an exploration of differences between the generosity and structure of the NRPS and other pension schemes currently in place. We also explore the feasibility of reforming the current “quasi-social pension” component of the NRPS by substituting a universal non-contributory social pension pillar. In connection with our assessment of the NRPS, we note the unusually low benefit levels for rural China.     

铝基化学镀镍的研究

研究了铝基化学镀镍的工艺过程，详细介绍了化学镀镍前的处理过程，其中包括除油，浸蚀，清洗和没锌过程。研究了各因素对化学镀镍镀速的影响因素，并得出最佳配方及工艺条件。在最佳条件下，化学镀镍镀速高，镀层着附力优异，可焊性优良。     

液相色谱串联质谱检测鳗鱼中四种氟喹诺酮残留

建立了液相色谱/串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中恩诺沙星,环丙沙星,诺氟沙星,氧氟沙星的方法。对分离和检测这四种兽药残留的液相色谱条件、质谱条件、样品前处理方法等作了详细的研究。用乙腈萃取样品中的残留物,在氮气保护下将萃取液浓缩干,加流动相1.0mL溶解残渣,正己烷液液萃取,弃上层液,下层溶液用作液相色谱分析荧光检测或质谱检测。在鳗鱼样品中添加四种残留物,添加浓度分别为0.01,0.050和0.100mg/kg,平均回收率(n=6)在70￣84.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.0%～6.3%。     

"城中村"城市化的对策研究

随着城市化速度的加快 ,因城市的扩张产生的“城中村”所造成的社会问题日益突出。本文对“城中村”改造过程中遇到的政策和现实问题进行了剖析 ,认为“城中村”改造的主要困难是社会经济政策滞后问题 ,提出了超前调整政策 ,促进“城中村”改造的思路和对策     

扩展基础加筋风积砂地基抗拔承载力模型试验与计算

通过扩展基础加筋风积砂地基的室内模型上拔试验 ,研究了不同试验方案的加筋土体在极限上拔承载力 ,并提出了加筋风积砂土体的上拔承载力的理论计算公式     

Tradition and Change in Vietnamese Family Structure in the Red River Delta

One of the key features of Vietnamese family organization is patrilocality—the preference of married couples to coreside with the husband's parents. With data drawn from a retrospective survey of persons in 1,855 households in the largest province in the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam, we found that more than 75% of married respondents reported having lived with the grooms' family after marriage. The proportion of newly married couples that follow the patrilocal custom appears to have increased in recent decades, although the average duration of coresidence has declined. Some aspects of modernization, especially nonagricultural occupations and later age at marriage, contribute to a lower incidence of intergenerational coresidence, but the underlying cultural preference to live with the grooms' parents immediately after marriage appears to have become stronger in Vietnam. In contrast to some features of traditional family life that conflict with modernity, intergenerational coresidence can be quite functional in modernizing societies.     

论刑罚个别化原则的根基和属性——一种多视角的分析与考察

近年我国刑法学界,刑罚个别化原则正日益引起学者的广泛关注和深入研究.刑罚个别化原则有其内在的合理根基它在方法论基础上得益于近代犯罪学对刑法学的推动;在伦理内涵方面体现了人性关怀;在价值追求中实现了公正圆满.刑罚个别化原则不仅仅是一个量刑原则或刑法原则,而且是一个重要的刑事政策原则.     

Participatory child poverty assessment in rural Vietnam

There are increasing calls for more child specific measures of poverty in developing countries and the need for such measures to be multi‐dimensional (that is not just based on income) has been recognised. Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) are now common in international development research. Most PPAs have been undertaken with adults and there are still relatively few PPAs with children. The objective of the current study was to understand adults' and children's perceptions of the causes and consequences of child poverty in rural Vietnam using a variety of participatory methods. Poor children are perceived by poor children as those who lack basic needs such as food, clothes, and safe shelter. Poor children feel they do not receive enough attention from their parents, have to work and have no safe place to play.     

Income generation and Facts for Life communication in Vietnam

In1997, UNICEF Vietnam conducted a participatory evaluation, Pathways Forward, to assess the impact of the Income Generation and Facts for Life (FFL) Communication Project, which communicates basic health messages to women who are also participating in a revolving loan scheme. Twenty-five people from UNICEF and the Vietnam Womens Union participated in the month-long evaluation. They used a combination of case studies, interviews, surveys, and social indicators to determine the projects impact on women finishing their final loan cycle in two project communes. A second group studied the projects microcredit component in order to recommend a financial strategy for the future.Evaluators found that while the project had successfully met many of its objectives, the degree of its success varied dramatically between the two communes studied. Further, the evaluation found the projects operational capacity needed to be strengthened so as to support existing microcredit activities.Based on these findings, the Pathways evaluation recommended that UNICEF postpone any future loan disbursements and focus instead on building the projects capacity through increased staffing levels and additional training. It also recommended a number of measures be taken to strengthen FFL communication activities, including training for group leaders and simpler, locally-produced FFL materials.     

Artifact in client satisfaction assessment: experience in community mental health settings

Artifact in client satisfaction assessment is discussed and the results of a study of three factors thought to mediate client satisfaction ratings; (a) general life satisfaction, (b) mode of administration, and (c) psychological symptomatology, are reported. A standard client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ) was modified to yield parallel forms and was administered orally and in writing to 92 clients in two mental health day treatment programs. Satisfaction ratings obtained from these clients were quite similar to out-patient ratings obtained in previous studies conducted in this setting and using the same measures. Oral administration of the CSQ produced 10% higher satisfaction ratings than written administration (p less than .05) and less missing data (p less than .01). Satisfaction ratings were also obtained using a simple graphic instrument. Graphic ratings were comparable to CSQ ratings. Satisfaction with life in general and level of psychiatric symptoms together accounted for 25% of CSQ variance. The implication of these findings for future client satisfaction research is discussed.