Disentangling the Bidirectional Relationships Across the Corporate Sustainable Development Indicators

Social Indicators Research - This study disentangles the relationships that exist between the four indicators of corporate sustainable development: economic, environmental, social, and governance....     

Predictors of Treatment Outcome Among Asian Pathological Gamblers (PGs): Clinical,Behavioural, Demographic,and Treatment Process Factors

Research on predictors of treatment outcome among pathological gamblers (PGs) is inconclusive and dominated by studies from Western countries. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the current study examined demographic, clinical, behavioural and treatment programme predictors of gambling frequency at 3, 6 and 12-months, among PGs treated at an addiction clinic in Singapore. Measures included the Hospital anxiety and depression scale, gambling symptom assessment scale (GSAS), personal well-being index (PWI), treatment perception questionnaire and gambling readiness to change scale. Treatment response in relation to changes in symptom severity, personal wellbeing and abstinence were also assessed. Abstinence rates were 38.6, 46.0 and 44.4 % at 3, 6 and 12-months respectively. Significant reductions in gambling frequency, GSAS, and improvement in PWI were reported between baseline and subsequent outcome assessments, with the greatest change occurring in the initial three months. No demographic, clinical, behavioural or treatment programme variable consistently predicted outcome at all three assessments, though treatment satisfaction was the most frequent significant predictor. However, being unemployed, having larger than average debts, poor treatment satisfaction and attending fewer sessions at the later stages of treatment were associated with significantly poorer outcomes, up to 1-year after initiating treatment. These findings show promise for the effectiveness of a CBT-based treatment approach for the treatment of predominantly Chinese PGs. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Taken together, the findings suggest early treatment satisfaction is paramount in improving short-term outcomes, with baseline gambling behaviour and treatment intensity playing a more significant role in the longer term.     

民国时期白普仁喇嘛与多杰觉拔格西在内地弘法及影响

民国初年,汉藏佛教界在佛教文化内涵的理解与认识上不断切近,汉地僧人开始集体或单独前往西藏求法,藏传佛教僧人亦躬身达至内地阐发藏传佛教的教义及修行次第。亲至内地初传佛法的藏传佛教著名僧人白普仁喇嘛与多杰觉拔格西,作为扣连汉藏佛教文化交流的重要历史人物,跨越汉藏过往的沟坎与现实局势的困境,凭依宗教领域内的历史与现实问题的诠释,阐明佛教与社会、佛教与人生等佛教现世价值观,与汉地佛教界人士共同弘传佛教文化,赋予佛教新的解释现代社会的阐发理论和切入模式,力行书写了民国时期汉藏文化交流的现代进程。     

抗战时期国民政府与西藏热振摄政的关系

1937年7月7日,中国进入全面抗战阶段,国民政府在生死存亡的严峻局势下,尽力维持受英国势力影响的西藏地区的和平稳定,因为这关系到其它边疆地区的人心向背.热振活佛出任摄政,并且倾心内向,中央政府从全局考虑做出了支持热振摄政的政治选择,遴选西藏地方代表参加国民参政会,并派特使入藏办理西藏事宜.中央与西藏地方关系良好的发展态势为西南边疆的稳定提供了保障,同时对于边疆地区人民参与抗战起到了重要的作用.     

Adulteration of pure native blood by aliens? mixed race kapya in colonial and post-Colonial Myanmar

ABSTRACT

Colonization may be viewed not only as loss of sovereignty and territory but also of ‘purity’ of a native race to an alien power. After the British colonized Burma in the late nineteenth century, they brought in Chinese and Indians to the sparsely populated colony as labour for new administrative and economic activities. Intermarriage, mainly between native Burmese women and men of alien races – British, European, Chinese and Indian – was thus inevitable. Mixed-race peoples – kapya in Burmese – were then born out of these relationships, and their identities became a key political issue in colonial Burma. Importantly, all natives, foreigners, and kapya were British subjects at that time. Independent Burma from 1948 through 1962 was not expressly anti-foreigner/kapya; working to naturalize those who had overstayed or remained. However, the Ne Win government from 1962 through 1988 was openly against ex-foreigner and kapya citizens, passing a new citizenship act in 1982 to downgrade their citizenship to a second class tier. The Myanmar Citizenship Law (1982), which remains in force, has downgraded the legal, political and social stature of ex-foreigner and kapya citizens. A more problematic and racist term thway-nhaw or ‘adulterated’ race has come to the fore, being used in official law-like language in recent years and highlighting the racist roots of the Myanmar Citizenship Law.