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The paper discusses the problem of design and analysis of large scale communication systems. An iterative process, composed of a minimum cost network design algorithm and a network performance algorithm, is presented for the solution of these problems. Computational considerations, using these algorithms, are discussed. 相似文献
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Arland Thornton Georgina BinstockMohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi Dirgha GhimireArjan Gjonca Attila MeleghColter Mitchell Mansoor MoaddelYu Xie Li-shou YangLinda Young-DeMarco Kathryn M. Yount 《Social science research》2012,41(5):1053-1068
Scholars and policy makers have for centuries constructed and used developmental hierarchies to characterize different countries. The hypotheses motivating this paper are that such social constructions have been circulated internationally, are constructed similarly in various countries, and follow the social constructions of elite international organizations, such as the United Nations. This paper uses data from 15 surveys in 13 diverse countries to study how developmental hierarchies are understood in everyday life. Our research shows that most people have constructions of developmental hierarchies that are similar across countries and are similar to the developmental hierarchies constructed by the United Nations. These findings suggest that developmental hierarchies are widely understood around the world and are widely available to ordinary people as they make decisions about many aspects of life. 相似文献
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Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi 《Journal of Population Research》1997,14(2):167-185
This paper examines the validity of the own-children method of fertility estimates derived from the 1991 Census by a detailed
investigation of mortality assumptions, the presence of non-own children, age misreporting and undercount. A comparison of
fertility measures derived alternatively from the census using the own-children method and from vital statistics for the period
1987–91 indicates remarkably similar rates for Australia-born women, and plausible results for long established migrant groups.
The own-children fertility levels for some recently arrived migrant groups, however, were found to be misleading. It is suggested
that the own-children method is useful for the study of differential current fertility in Australia.
Revised version of an essay awarded the W.D. Borrie Prize (graduate section), 1997, and presented to the session: Advances
in methods for the analysis of demographic data of the 23rd General Conference of the International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population, 11–17 October, Beijing. This paper is based on the author’s PhD thesis entitled:Fertility patterns of Australian selected immigrant groups, 1977–91. 相似文献
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This paper describes a method for assessing the effectiveness of strategic planning systems in terms of the results actually observed subsequent to planning activity. The paper explains in particular how, in making the assessment, one might cope with the fact of environmental change subsequent to the setting of planned goals. This ends oriented approach to measuring effectiveness is shown to be complementary to process oriented approaches and is illustrated by an example from the coal industry. 相似文献
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Arianne MJ Elissen Arno JA Van Raak Emmy WCC Derckx Hubertus JM Vrijhoef 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2013,22(1):80-89
Elissen AMJ, Van Raak AJA, Derckx EWCC, Vrijhoef HJM. Improving homeless persons' utilisation of primary care: lessons to be learned from an outreach programme in The Netherlands Faced with rising homelessness, countries around the world are in need of innovative approaches to caring for those without shelter, who, more often than not, suffer from severe health problems. We conducted a case study of an innovative Dutch Primary Care for the Homeless (PCH) programme to gain insight into clients' demographic characteristics, health problems and service use, and to develop an explanation for its success in increasing the latter. Our analyses are based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the study suggest that the success of the PCH programme can be explained by the providers' pragmatism and will to adapt their mode of care provision to the behavioural patterns and needs of their homeless clients. 相似文献
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Many scholars have offered structural and ideational explanations for the fertility changes occurring around the world. This
paper focuses on the influence of developmental idealism—a schema or set of beliefs endorsing development, fertility change,
and causal connections between development and fertility. Developmental idealism is argued to be an important force affecting
both population policy and the fertility behavior of ordinary people. We present new survey data from ordinary people in six
countries—Argentina, China, Egypt, Iran, Nepal, and the United States—about the extent to which developmental idealism is
known and believed. We ask individuals if they believe that fertility and development are correlated, that development is
a causal force in changing fertility levels, and that fertility declines enhance the standard of living and intergenerational
relations. We also ask people about their expectations concerning future trends in fertility in their countries and whether
they approve or disapprove of the trends they expect. The data show widespread linkage in the minds of ordinary people between
fertility and development. Large fractions of people in these six settings believe that fertility and development are correlated,
that development reduces fertility, and that declines in fertility foster development. Many also expect and endorse future
declines in fertility. 相似文献
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