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We consider a two-stage voluntary provision model where individuals in a family contribute to a pure public good and/or a household public good, and the parent makes private transfers to her own child. We show not only that Warr’s neutrality holds, regardless of the different timings of parent-to-child transfers, but also that there is a continuum of Nash equilibria which individuals’ contributions and parental transfers are indeterminate, although the allocation of each’s private consumption and total public good provision is uniquely determined. Furthermore, impure altruism or productivity difference in supplying public goods may not break our results above. 相似文献
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Tomoji Endo 《Researches on Population Ecology》1988,30(1):107-121
Summary The pattern of prey utilization of the orb-weaving spiderAraneus pinguis was studies by comparing between arthropods restrained in the empty webs (spiders were removed) and those unattacked in the
intact webs (spiders were not removed). The number of arthropods was larger in the empty webs than in the intact webs. In
the empty webs, web area, mesh width, number of radii, and signal thread length were presumed to affect the number of arthropods
left in a single web. As for the intact webs, web area, mesh width, and web-exposure time were important factors. In the empty
webs, the density of arthropods decreased away from the hub. On the other hand, the density of unattacked arthropods in the
intact webs was the same throughout the web.
Arthropods in the empty webs were larger than those in the intact webs. The upper limit in size of unattacked arthropods increased
along with the distance from the hub in the intact webs, but not in the empty webs. These results indicate increase in the
minimum size of eaten arthropods increased in the former. This positive sizedistance relation may have resulted from the adaptive
switching of spiders’ alternative foraging methods (i.e., the rapid attack at encounter and the later eating during web deconstruction)
on the basis of the prey profitability. 相似文献
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Kazuhiro Ohwaki Fumiyasu Endo Masaki Shimbo Akiko Fujisaki Kazunori Hattori 《The aging male》2017,20(4):257-260
Prostate cancer can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during the pathological examination of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens by Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). BPH and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia often coexist in elderly people. We identified which comorbidities can be used to predict the presence of incidental prostate cancer, particularly high-risk cancer, in men who had undergone HoLEP. On the basis of pathological findings of HoLEP specimens, patients with incidental cancer were categorized as low-risk (Gleason ≤6 and T1a) or high-risk (all others). Of the 654 patients who underwent HoLEP, 41 patients (6.3%) were identified as having incidental cancer (25 low-risk and 16 high-risk). There were no significant factors for overall prostate cancers. However, a significantly higher frequency of diabetes was observed in patients with high-risk cancer compared to those with BPH (31% vs. 13%; p?=?.033). Logistic regression analysis using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV), and smoking showed that diabetes was an independent predictor of high-risk cancer (odds ratio, 3.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–9.43). Diabetes may be an important predictor of the presence of high-risk prostate cancer in men with BPH who have undergone HoLEP. 相似文献
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Masako Endo 《Journal of historical sociology》2016,29(4):439-475
This article addresses the construction of Japanese womanhood toward the end of the U.S. occupation of Japan (1945–1952). In the early 1950s, the Japanese people were conscious about independence and envisioned a new, positive image of the nation. However, the actual image was overtly sexualized by the presence of numerous women consorting with U.S. servicemen during the occupation. This article explores how the Japanese government attempted to eliminate any sexualized elements from Japan. While focusing on Japanese women who had relationships with foreign men and mixed‐blood children, I argue that they served as the “Other” in redefining post‐occupation femininity. 相似文献
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远藤隆俊 《中国社会历史评论》2008,(0)
宋元时代是祖先祭祀方法由坟寺到祠堂变更的重要时代。本文以苏州范氏为中心,从宋代士大夫的社会问题,特别是家族、宗族的侧面论述坟墓、坟寺、祠堂的实态和祖先祭祀。从社会史特别是家族、宗族的方面将坟墓、坟寺和祠堂的问题进行更深入的研究。具体论述苏州范氏的坟墓和坟寺、祠堂的问题、家族宗族的迁居和定居、阶层性、风水、夫妇合葬、坟寺和祠堂的管理、运营等。 相似文献