Contraceptive practice in the Philippines: a synthesis

This article puts together all available data on contraceptive prevalence and effectiveness from 1968-83 in an attempt to assess the Philippine family planning program's performance in reducing fertility. 3 indicators of contraceptive effectiveness are discussed -- Pearl pregnancy rates, 12-month continuation rates, and effective protection level. Findings on factors associated with contraceptive prevalence are presented and discussed, with special emphasis on the effects of the Outreach project variables. The argument is that popualtion programs can influence demographic behavior, but the extent of this influence largely depends on the quality of program design and implementation.     

Measures of return under uncertainty

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First a methodlogy for contrasting accounting and economic measures of return will be briefly described. This methodology overcomes many of the limitations of previous comparisons of these measures. Second, the results of applying the new methodology to an area of current accounting concern—adjusting for price level changes—will be presented.     

Family planning programs in industrial establishments: an operations research study

An operations research study in the Philippines sought to uncover determinants of the sustainability of employment-based family planning (FP) programs offered in industrial settings where the Philippine Center for Population and Development (PCPD) had provided assistance in implementing Responsible Parenthood/FP-Maternal Health (RP/FP-MH) Programs. Qualitative data were gathered through observations and interviews with the target population and with company management and program implementers. Based on this study, the following recommendations were made: 1) training outputs should be echoed to employees immediately; 2) RP/FP-MCH team members should be recruited from each level of the work force; 3) an appropriate IEC (information, education, and communication) strategy should be devised to respond to the short time-frame in which employees can participate; 4) team-building training should be incorporated as a regular activity early in the contract period; 5) sectoral targeting should be used within a given company; 6) training programs should be designed for each of the three types of team members and should overlap the basic topics; 7) teamwork and mutual assistance should be encouraged; 8) the work of the teams should be rewarded; 9) commendable initiative of liaison officers should be sustained; 10) representatives of the PCPD should maintain a close relationship with the teams through PCPD staff visits to the companies; 11) management requires more intensive orientation on the RP/FP-MH program; 12) PCPD support should be withdrawn gradually until the companies are able to sustain the program themselves; 13) it may be helpful to require a company to meet rigid criteria in order to take part in the PCPD project; 14) OR should be continued; and 15) the concept and practice of quality of care should be introduced to service delivery and training of staff and motivators.