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Egypt comprises thousands of small geographic units. Total fertility rates are reconstructed for the 4905qism, qarya, medina, markaz andshiyakhat covering non-desert Egypt at the 1960, 1976, 1986 and 1996 censuses. This fine spatial scale reveals that heterogeneity across
subdivisions increased during the fertility transition, illustrating the rapidity of change. Spatial patterns appear in the
fertility upsurge of 1974–85, which is accompanied by a large but temporary reduction in heterogeneity. Fertility varies greatly
between subdivisions and geographic differentials underlie the expected and observed association between fertility, literacy,
family transfers and industrialization. Cairo led the decline of fertility, but that decline is counterbalanced by rapid economic
growth and persistently high levels of illiteracy. A similar pattern of fertility change is observed for the chief city of
the Muhafaza and its surrounding area. Egypt presents an archetype of demographic transition as improved economic and educational
status diffuses across the country, moderated by its specific geography. 相似文献
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