政府核心功能重构:OECD国家的经验与启示

以经济与合作组织(OECD)成员国的政府核心功能重构为研究对象,从政府机构、预算体制、人事制度、控制体系四个方面展开论述,从政府自身改革的角度分析新公共管理运动和新公民参与运动发生的基础条件。政府核心功能重构的趋势是:逐步改造基于传统公共行政的组织设计、人事、预算和控制,政府内部管理要素与外部的市场化、民营化和公民参与相呼应,改革呈现出总体推进的特征。其经验对中国政府改革具有借鉴意义。     

Formal and Informal Community Care to Older Adults: Comparative Analysis of the United States and Great Britain

Support to frail elders is of international and growing importance. This article compared receipt of assistance with ADL limitations, home health help, any assistance received, and unmet needs in functionally impaired individuals aged 70 years old or older in the United States (n = 1847, 80% women, M _age = 80 years) and Great Britain (n = 1203, 57% women, M _age = 78 years). Informal and formal assistance levels were higher in Great Britain, and rates of unmet need did not differ across ADL domains measured. Receipt of formal and informal care were associated positively, which is consistent with both supplementary and complementary perspectives on the formal-informal care interface. Few individuals in either country received formal services alone. Results suggest that community-based formal support does not substitute for family help. Implications for family and economic policy are discussed.     

Predictors of father‐son communication about sexuality

Examining the factors that influence adolescents’ sexual behaviors is crucial for understanding why they often engage in risky sexual behaviors. Using social cognitive theory, we examined predictors of father‐son communication about sexuality. Fathers (N = 155) of adolescent sons completed a survey measuring 12 variables, including self‐efficacy and outcome expectations. We found that (a) son's pubertal development, father's sex‐based values, father's education, father's communication with his father, outcome expectations, and general communication accounted for 36% of the variance in information sharing communication and (b) son's pubertal development, outcome expectations, general communication, and father‐son contact accounted for 20% of the variance in values sharing communication. Study findings can aid professionals in designing guidelines and programs to promote father‐son general communication and sex‐based communication.     

公共政策扩散、政策转移与政策网络——整合性分析框架的构建

公共政策创新扩散和政策转移是当前公共政策领域关注的主题之一.尽管它们都在关注全球化时代政策知识扩散,但却存在着差异.基于政策网络理论,特别是政策知识传播网络视角,笔者对创新扩散和政策转移进行整合性框架的构建,以推进其理论研究.     

论行政改革评估

行政改革的评估体系是对改革成效的测量。由于行政改革有着多重目标 ,其过程相当复杂 ,以及对评估不能完全采用定量测量等原因 ,因此需要从多层次构建评估体系。根据中国行政管理运行的特点 ,在制度和管理两个层次上确立具体的评估标准。     

Comparative Assessment of Methods for Measuring Consensual Poverty: Sort Card Versus CAPI

Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the purpose of this study is twofold. First, the study identifies coping strategies used by older adults. Second, the study examines the impact of older adults’ chosen coping strategies on mortality reduction. The study focuses specifically on differences in the use of religious and secular coping strategies among this population. The findings suggest that although coping strategies differ between those who self-classify as religious and those who self-classify as nonreligious, for both groups social approaches to coping (e.g., attending church and volunteering) are more likely than individual approaches (e.g., praying or active/passive coping) to reduce the risk of mortality. The most efficacious coping strategies, however, are those matched to characteristics of the individual.     

旧城改造协同治理机制研究——以上海为例

协同治理是时代背景下旧城改造的应然模式。通过案例研究,探索旧城改造协同治理机制的构建和实现路径。参照Ansell与Gash的协同治理模型,通过对上海旧城改造协同治理机制构建的初始条件、制度设计、催化领导和协同过程4个因素进行分析发现,现行的“土地储备”旧城改造模式中蕴含着协同治理成功的若干要件,但是依然存在着政府间协同效率低,社会企业参与渠道阻滞,旧区居民参与水平低等问题。从利益保障、组织再造、运作优化3方面重构旧城改造协同治理机制,提出完善制度安排、加强府际协同、建立社会企业参与渠道、提高居民实质性参与水平的实现路径。     

Effects of sociodemographic factors,stage of illness,and perceived stigma on the identification of a support person among women with HIV infection

Addressing the lack of research on the social distribution of social support and research on the social experience of women with HIV infection, this article examines how sociodemographic factors, stage of illness, and perceived stigma affected the identification of a supportive social relationship among HIV‐infected women. Data were collected from women with HIV disease living in the state of Georgia. Logistic regression analysis indicates that after taking account of other factors, marital status, rural‐urban residency, stage of illness, and stigmatization were significant predictors of whether the women identified a support person. Single status and rural residency had negative effects on the outcome. Those who were at the advanced stage of illness were less likely than those at the asymptomatic stage to identify a supportive relationship. Contrary to our expectation, stigmatization had positive effects on the outcome. Implications and limitations of the analysis are discussed, followed by directions for future research.     

环境风险转变社会风险的演化机制及其应对

重大建设项目面临环境风险和社会风险两类风险.目前我国的重大建设项目的环境影响评价存在着公众参与环节的薄弱环节,由此衍生成环境风险转变社会风险的演化机制,酿成群体性事件,进而影响到社会稳定.建立重大建设项目环境风险向社会风险演化的防火墙是实现源头治理的关键.以四川什邡、江苏启东、宁波镇海的群体性事件为案例,分析了我国目前公众参与环境影响评价存在的突出问题.以强化公民实质性参与为突破口,深化重大建设项目的社会稳定风险评估,从而阻止环境风险向社会风险的演化.     

理念与制度:新制度主义政治学的最新进展

新制度主义政治学的兴起有着学科发展的需要和政治实践的需求.当前它的发展主要体现在三个方面:一是深化各个流派的实证研究,力图通过案例分析寻求更合理的解释框架;二是拓展新的研究领域,如网络制度主义、制度程序主义;三是弥补制度分析的不足.理念与制度的结合有利于更为全面地解释制度变革的动力和过程,同时它也面临着核心分析概念的选择、理念的含义变动性等难题.