De-standardization of Family-Life Trajectories of Young Adults: A Cross-National Comparison Using Sequence Analysis

We introduce a number of new methods based on sequence analysis to test hypotheses on the de-standardization of family-life trajectories in early adulthood, using Fertility and Family Survey data on 19 countries. Across cohorts, family-life trajectories of young adults have not become more turbulent. However, in most countries family-life trajectories of young adults have become less similar to one another and the variation in the types of family-trajectories has increased. Contrary to expectations, no clear differences in de-standardization were observed between countries characterized by a social-democratic welfare-state regime and countries characterized by either liberal or conservative welfare-state regimes.     

Standardization of Pathways to Adulthood? An Analysis of Dutch Cohorts Born Between 1850 and 1900

This article examines pathways to adulthood among Dutch cohorts born in the second half of the nineteenth century. Although largely overlooked by previous studies, theory suggests that life courses of young adults born during this period were already influenced by a process of standardization, in the sense that their life courses became more similar over time. Using data from a Dutch registry-based sample, we examine household trajectories: that is, sequences of living arrangements of young adults aged 15–40. Our study shows that for successive cohorts, household trajectories became more similar. We identified six types of trajectories: early death, life-cycle service, early family formation, late family formation, singlehood, and childless but with partner. Overtime, early family formation gradually became the “standard” trajectory to adulthood. However, late family formation and singlehood, tcommon pathways within the preindustrial western European marriage pattern, remained widespread among cohorts born in the late nineteenth century. Laboring class youths, farmers’ daughters, young people of mixed religious background, and urban-born youngsters were the nineteenth century forerunners of a standard pathway to adulthood.     

“Aging males” symptoms and general health of adult males: a cross-sectional study

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the prevalence and severity of health-related complaints perceived by adult males of Hong Kong by using the Hong Kong Traditional Chinese versions of the Aging males’ symptoms (AMS) scale and the 5-dimensional and 3-level European Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. A total of 825 adult males aged 40 years or above were surveyed, and observed that 80% of the population was living with little-to-mild levels of aging symptoms with mean total scores ranged between 26.02?±?7.91 and 32.99?±?7.91 in different age groups. Such symptoms were correlated with age, especially for the somato-vegetative and sexual symptoms. The most severe AMS symptoms were observed in the oldest age group at 70 years or above, with 76%, 34% and 70% living with moderate-to-severe levels of somato-vegetative, psychological and sexual symptoms, respectively. The result was highly correlated with the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Secondly, the Hong Kong Aging males’ symptoms (AMS) scale was shown to have good reliability with test–retest coefficient at 0.79 (ranged 0.66–0.87) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient at 0.88 (ranged 0.70–0.84). In summary, the population of Hong Kong male adults was commonly living with little-to-mild levels of aging symptoms, whereas their severity was correlated with age.     

论高校办学自主权的实施及其监督和约束机制

研究高校办学自主权,首先要研究高校如何实施办学自主权,否则,办学自主权也会演化为毫无约束的＂自由权＂而滥用,反而影响和阻碍高校健康发展。在我国现阶段,高校实施办学自主权必须坚持有效性和有利于学校发展这个原则。一要大力提高高校自身的独立生存能力和自主办学水平,二要继续坚持政府对高校的宏观指导和监督,三要促使高校建立自我约束机制。特别是在各高校盲目攀比、求大求全,以致很多高校出现趋同化的现阶段,自我约束机制的建立显得更加急迫。     

The swedish science-discussion 1965–1975

During the early 1960's, in Sweden as in other countries, GNP was taken as an indicator of scientific growth. Today the science policy discussion is more centered around the question of political direction of science in accordance with social goals defined along sectoral lines. This change of science policy doctrine reflects important modifications in the social conditions for the production of scientific knowledge. The paper traces some of the changes in the dominant science policy doctrine in Sweden during the period 1965–1975, and an attempt is made to throw them into relief against the background of a wider perspective. In particular three factors indicative of the changes are taken up, viz., the role of futures studies, the issue of the controversy between established interests and radical critics, and finally the emergence recently of trade union interest in science policy issues. At a more fundamental level of analysis the events reviewed can be understood with reference to a concept of scientific-technical revolution.     

Manufacturing strategy

New market demands and new technology point to the need to include production as an integral part of corporate strategy. This paper first presents a method for defining the role of production during a constructive dialogue with parts of the firm. Development of a production strategy is seen as a parallel determination of strategies for (i) production technology, (ii) plant lay-out, (iii) production planning and control and (iv) organization. Finally, the paper discusses practical applications and results achieved in a number of Danish firms.     

网络传播者的道德教育研究

在虚拟的网络世界中,构建网络道德,很大程度上要依赖于网络传播者的道德和素质.本课题试图通过探讨网络传播者的思想道德素质状况,分析如何加强传播者的网络道德教育,提升其道德自律能力,从而促进网络道德体系和网络文明建设.     

Adolescents' and parents' affect in relation to discrepant perceptions of parental warmth in daily life

The current study aimed to evaluate how adolescents' and parents' perceptions of daily parenting—and their discrepancies—relate to daily parent and adolescent affect. Daily parental warmth and affect were assessed using electronic diaries in 150 American adolescent–parent dyads (61.3% females, M_age = 14.6, 83.3% White; 95.3% mothers, M_age = 43.4; 89.3% White) and in 80 Dutch adolescents with 79 mothers and 72 fathers (63.8% females, M_age = 15.9, 91.3% White; M_age = 49.0, 97.4% White). Results of preregistered models indicated that individuals' affect may be more important for perceptions of parenting than discrepancies between parent–adolescent reports of parenting for affect, stressing the need to be aware of this influence of affect on parenting reports in clinical and research settings.     

Independent Service Organizations and Economic Efficiency

Following the Supreme Court's Kodak decision, numerous antitrust cases have revolved around practices of manufacturers which deter independent service organizations (ISOs) from servicing the manufacturer's equipment. Such practices include tying equipment sales to service, tying service sales to other "aftermarket" products, and refusing to sell replacement parts to ISOs. We show that interbrand systems competition without ISOs curbs service and equipment price distortions and, under plausible conditions, confers greater benefits to users of durable equipment than intrabrand service competition with ISOs. Hence, the effect of manufacturers' practices that foreclose ISOs from service aftermarkets can be efficiency promoting rather than anticompetitive.