The computation of standard normal distribution integral in any required precision based on reliability method

Based on reliability theory, the value of the standard normal distribution integral can be obtained by calculating the probability of the failure domain of the linear performance function. After the sample space is divided into some sub-sample spaces, a number of sub-failure domains are obtained. In the paper, the methods of computing the probabilities of sub-failure domains are discussed. All the formulae and the steps of computing the standard normal distribution integral which meet any required precision are given in the paper. Examples show that it is easy for the method to compute the standard normal distribution integral.     

Life Expectancy,Air Pollution,and Socioeconomic Factors: A Multivariate Time-Series Analysis of Beijing City,China

Social Indicators Research - This paper investigated the dynamic relationship between ife expectancy (LE) and its inflencing factors including, health care, socioeconomic, and environment factors...     

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION IN LINEAR MODELS WITH EQUI-CORRELATED RANDOM ERRORS

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maximum likelihood estimators of unknown parameters in linear models with equi‐correlated random errors are presented. The basic technique we use is that these models are, first, orthogonally transformed into linear models with two variances, and then the maximum likelihood estimation problem is solved in the environment of transformed models. Our results generalize a result of Arnold, S. F. (1981) [The theory of linear models and multivariate analysis. Wiley, New York]. In addition, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of restricted maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters. The results of Birkes, D. & Wulff, S. (2003) [Existence of maximum likelihood estimates in normal variance‐components models. J Statist Plann. Inference. 113 , 35–47] are compared with our results and differences are pointed out.     

大学生“廉政感”培养的心理机制研究

廉政教育主要依托社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育3种形式,其中学校教育是廉政教育的关键,对于形成廉政教育的长效机制起着至关重要的作用。我国廉政感教育起步较晚,仍处于不断探索阶段。对于当前廉政教育存在的问题,结合情感的心理生成机制,从改变道德认知和情绪经验积累等途径,探索对大学生进行廉政心理教育的新模式。     

On Nelson–Aalen type estimation in the partial Koziol–Green model

In this paper, a Nelson–Aalen (NA) type estimator is derived and its sample properties are compared with the partial Abdushukurov–Cheng–Lin (PACL), generalized maximum likelihood (GMLE), and Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimators under the partial Koziol–Green model. These comparisons are made through Monto Carlo simulations under various sample sizes. The results indicate that the NA estimator always performs better than the KM estimator and is competitive with other estimators. Moreover, the PACL, GMLE, and NA estimators are shown to be asymptotically equivalent.