Social Constructionism and Supervision: Experiences of AAMFT Supervisors and Supervised Therapists

A phenomenological research process was used to investigate the supervision experience for supervisors and therapists when supervisors use a social constructionist perspective. Participants of the one‐to‐one interviews were six AAMFT Approved Supervisors and six therapists providing counseling to individuals, couples and families. The findings suggest supervisors were committed to their self‐identified supervision philosophy and intentionally sought out congruence between epistemology and practice. The shared experience of therapists indicates they associated desirable supervision experiences with their supervisors’ social constructionist perspective. Our findings also indicated that supervisors’ and therapists’ understanding of social constructionism included the more controversial concepts of agency and extra‐discursiveness. This research has taken an empirical step in the direction of understanding what the social constructionist supervision experience is like for supervisors and therapists. Our findings suggest a linkage between epistemology and supervision practice and a satisfaction with the supervision process.     

The Continued Importance of Quality Parent–Adolescent Relationships During Late Adolescence

The quality of adolescents' relationships with residential parents has been found to predict many different health and behavioral youth outcomes; strong associations have also been found between these outcomes and family processes, and between relationship quality and family processes. Data from Rounds 1–5 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 were used to examine hypotheses about the influence of the parent–adolescent relationship on subsequent adolescent mental well‐being and delinquency, as mediated by family processes. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the influence of a positive residential parent–adolescent relationship on better mental well‐being and fewer delinquency was entirely mediated by family routines, parental monitoring, and parental supportiveness, net of sociodemographic controls.     

Slavery and liberty: The case of the Scottish Colliers

Slaves, Warfare, and Ideology in the Greek Historians. Peter Hunt. Cambridge: Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 1998. xiv, 246pp. £37.50 (cloth). ISBN 0–521–58429–9.

The English in West Africa, 1681–1683: The Local Correspondence of the Royal African Company of England, 1681–1699, Part 1. Edited by Robin Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press/British Academy. 1997. xix, 363pp. £45.00. ISBN 0–19–726176–0.

Making Race and Nation: A Comparison of the United States, South Africa, and Brazil. Anthony W. Marx. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1998. xvi, 390pp. £22.50/US$29.95. ISBN 0–521–58455–8.

Liberating the Family. Gender and British Slave Emancipation in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa, 1823–1853. Pamela Scully. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Oxford: James Currey. xiii, 210, index, map. £40 (cloth); £15.95 (paper). ISBN 0–85255–678–0; 0–85255–628–4.

The Lesser Antilles in the Age of European Expansion. Edited by Robert Paquette and Stanley L. Engerman. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 1996. xii, 383pp. £39.95. ISBN 0–8130–1428‐X.

Dictionary of Afro‐American Slavery. Updated with a New Introduction and Bibliography. Edited by Randall M. Miller and John David Smith. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997. xix, 892pp. £27.95 (paper). ISBN 0–275–95799–3.

Masters, Slaves, &; Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740–1790. Robert Olwell. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 1998. xvi, 294pp. £38.95 (cloth); £13.95 (paper). ISBN 0–8014–3488–3; 0–8014–8491‐X.

Slavery, Freedom and Culture among Early American Workers. Graham Russell Hodges. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1998. xi, 185pp. $55.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). ISBN 0–7656–0112–5; 0–7656–0113–3.

Designs against Charleston: The Trial Records of the Denmark Vesey Slave Conspiracy of 1822. Edward A. Pearson. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xiii, 387pp. £31.50. ISBN: 0–8078–2446–1.

Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality. Paul Goodman. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1998. xxi, 303pp. $35.00. ISBN 0–520–20794–7.

Race, Place, and the Law, 1836–1948. David Delaney. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1998. x, 229pp. $35.00 (cloth); $17.95 (paper). ISBN 0–292–7–1596‐X; 0–292–71597–8.     

Secondary agency conflicts: A synthesis and proposed measurement model

Secondary agency conflicts typically arise when ownership and control are combined in the hands of dominant shareholders who could then seek to misappropriate returns at the expense of minority shareholders. This type of agency conflict has attracted attention from researchers for the past nearly three decades. However, efforts at measuring secondary agency conflicts have been fragmented and scattered. The absence of a coherent and valid approach to assess the scope and intensity of secondary agency conflicts has impeded progress in both empirical and conceptual development of the topic area. Based on a review of the extant body of literature, this paper develops a composite Shareholder Inequity index that measures the potential for secondary agency conflicts employing three different governance dimensions that are grounded in the agency literature: blockholder power, differential control, and the absence of board neutrality. The index is tested and validated empirically using a sample of 748 publicly listed U.S. firms. The resulting Shareholder Inequity index demonstrates high levels of validity and reliability. Future corporate governance studies can utilize this validated measure to investigate potential secondary agency conflicts more consistently and rigorously in order to strengthen organizational theory development and research.     

Bridal pregnancy in earlier rural England further examined

Abstract This paper elaborates the argument of a previous paper (Population Studies, 20, 1966, pp. 233-43). The results of an investigation of the experience of 2,340 brides are broadly similar to those reported earlier: in particular, they confirm that bridal pregnancy was more common in the eighteenth than in the seventeenth century. Evidence is presented to suggest that the sixteenth-century experience was similar to that of the seventeenth, while the nineteenth-century experience was similar to that of the eighteenth. It is argued that bridal pregnancy was the product of a courting convention, rather than of 'betrothal-licence', and that it was not especially common among widows or teenagers. It is incidentally shown that the interval between birth and baptism was very brief in the sixteenth century, but lengthened in later centuries; and that the forbidden seasons for marriage were gradually eroded. Finally, it is suggested that the application of Church discipline in relation to bridal pregnancy could be assessed in the Church Court records.     

Parent Marital Quality and the Parent–Adolescent Relationship: Effects on Adolescent and Young Adult Health Outcomes

Although a number of studies examined the implications of marital disruption for adolescent well-being, few studied the implications of marital relationship quality on health outcomes for children in married-couple families. The present study examines how parent marital quality among intact families interacts with the quality of parent–adolescent relationships to predict physical health, mental health, and substance use in middle adolescence and early adulthood. The study uses data from the NLSY97 cohort, a nationally representative sample of adolescents who are being followed into adulthood. Predictors include the quality of the parent marital relationship, the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship, marital structure, and a number of contextual covariates and control variables. Combined parent marital quality and parent–adolescent relationship groups were developed using latent class analyses and were used to predict positive and negative health behaviors during the teen and early adult years. Results indicate that adolescents in families experiencing poor marital quality fared worse on physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. In addition, adolescents who reported poor relationships with at least one of their parents fared worse on outcomes. Adolescents whose parents have low-quality relationships and also have poor parent–adolescent relationships tended to fare least well across health measures. Adolescents whose parents have a high-quality relationship and who have a good parent–adolescent relationship with both parents consistently had the best outcomes. Overall, poor relationships consistently undermine mental health, physical health, and substance use. Family religious activities also consistently predict better health outcomes.     

Online Customer Experience: A Review of the Business‐to‐Consumer Online Purchase Context

Customer interactions with an organization's website create opportunities for positive experiences that can lead to long‐term relationship building. The range of potential interactions is now quite diverse, including product information search, purchase transaction and/or service delivery. The domain of customer experience (CE) is well developed in the face‐to‐face context, but little attention has been paid to exploring the concept in the online context. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the online consumer literature in order to inform understanding of the antecedents and consequences of online customer experience (OCE) in the purchase context. The paper offers four important contributions for both academics and practitioners. First, it adds to understanding of OCE in the purchase context and, second, specifically recognizes and discusses the antecedents of OCE by drawing on existing literature relating to online consumer purchase. Third, it proposes the potential consequences of OCE and provides a framework for future testing. Finally, the paper addresses a problem of relevance to both academics and practitioners, and proposes future research and managerial implications.     

Developing an interactive approach in social work research: the example of a research study on head injury

Summary The paper examines the processes of a research project aboutthe continuing care needs of head-injured people in order toillustrate an interactive approach in social work research.Influenced by the social work values of empowerment and workingin partnership, the key function of the interactive approachinclude a multidisciplinary research team analysing the researchtopic through different disciplinary perspectives, and selectingresearch methods and dissemination strategies that promote interactiverelationships amongst researchers, respondents and sponsors.Social work practice supplies transferable knowledge, valuesand skills for the interactive approach. The skill of negotiationis used to mitigate unequal distributions of power between researchersand respondents. The paper concludes that the interactive approachis a distinctive characteristic of social work research thatdeserves wider recognition.