Introduction: “There Is a Person Here”: An Interview with Judith Butler

In this interview, the coeditors, along with other contributors, ask Judith Butler a variety of questions regarding queer theory, gender identities, scientific and legal discourse, bodily abjection, race and class positioning, and political organizing. This range of subject matter suggests not only the breadth of Butler's work, but also its applicability to any number of people, whose relation to theory ranges from highly politicized to politically indifferent. The interview demonstrates the responsiveness of Butler's work to cultural translation and political action.     

The Perception of Societal Models of Power Distribution by Recent Male College Graduates

Abstract

This study examines the perception of power among young adult males. A sampleof 1971 male graduates of a state university were asked in 1974 to choose from among pluralistic and elitist models of power in the U.S. The correlates of the various perceptions of power were elaborated using political attitudes, degree of political activism, change in political beliefs, locus of control, and status inconsistency. The findings were that: (1) the respondents tended to perceive an elitist model, although they preferred a pluralist model; and (2) those most likely to perceive power in elitist terms were activists, those with changed political beliefs, those most status inconsistent, and those with external locus of control.     

The social facts of deviance in school: a study of mundane reason

This paper reports an ethnomethodological study of the use of mundane reason in relation to deviance in schools. Its central theme is that the social facts of deviance in schools are constituted through the assumptions, practices and procedures which comprise mundane reason. The data upon which the study is based consist of transcribed tape recordings of meetings between teachers, psychologists and social workers at which children referred from schools to the Child and Family Guidance Service are discussed. The talk in these meetings is shown to reveal the use of mundane reason with respect to a variety of practical actions. These include categorization, accounting for referral and other actions towards referrals, referral recipiency, reporting referrals, and the formulation of reactions to referrals. Each of these practical actions is considered in turn and its contribution to fact constitution identified. Taken together and viewed consecutively, they can be seen to have a cumulative impact on the social constitution of deviance in schools.     

The health belief model and the contraceptive behavior of college women: implications for health education

This study applied the "health belief model" in a comparison of the subjective perceptions, attitudes and beliefs between college women who were adequate or inadequate contraceptors. The 171 sexually active subjects were ascertained from clients of the Family Planning Clinic at the University of Illinois. A questionnaire was designed and tested to measure variables of perceived susceptibility to pregnancy, seriousness of unplanned pregnancy, benefits and barriers of contraceptive use. Inadequate contraceptors or risk-takers were defined as women who used no contraception, less effective methods such as rhythm, spermicides only or withdrawal, or effective methods sporadically. 49.5% of the subjects were risk-takers. Among the inadequate contraceptors, 17% were nonusers, 29% relied on ineffective methods, and 52% used effective methods sporadically. There was no difference between the 2 groups in their belief in seriousness of an unplanned pregnancy. The groups differed significantly in their perceived susceptibility to pregnancy (p.001). They also differed significantly in perception of overall costs and benefits of contraception (p.001), a score created by combining 12 questions on topics such as difficulty and embarrassment in obtaining contraceptives and inconvenience and awkwardness in dealing with them. There was a smaller significant difference (p.05) in a score termed "general use cost benefits," but no difference in a score called "method specific perceptions." These results were corroborated by a discriminate analysis which singled out the perceived costs and benefits and the perceived susceptibility variables as accurate predictors of the adequate contraceptor group. The health belief model showed considerable utility in explaining contraceptive behavior.     

Defining Moments and Recurring Myths: Comparing Canadians and Americans after the American Revolution*

Dans cet article, nous examinons la célèbre thèse de S.M. Lipset, qui affirme que la révolution américaine a créé des differénces durables entre les valeurs canadiennes et américaines. Nous reconsidérons tout d'abord l'affirmation centrale de la thèse selon laquelle l'exode des loyalistes vers le Canada a ancré de façon permanente des systémes de valeurs distincts dans les deux sociétés. Notre analyse suggère que, au sein de la population générate, les loyalistes n'ont joué qu'un rôle négligeable dans la promotion de différences fondamentales. Nous comparons ensuite les deux sociétés sur le plan historique en utilisant plusieurs indicateurs ‐ classes sociales et structure économique, compositions ethnique et religieuse, modèles d'immigration et d'urbanisation, culture et organisation politiqUes ‐ afin de cerner des divergences importantes dans l'expérience et le milieu dans lequel vivaient les deux peuples, divergences qui auraient pu favoriser ces différences. Nous concluons que les deux populations se ressemblaient étonnamment, ce qui sous‐entend qu'elles partageaient probablement le même quotidien, les mêmes perspectives et valeurs au cours de la période révolutionnaire et pendant plusieurs dizaines d'années par la suite. This paper examines S.M. Lipset's widely known thesis that the American Revolution engendered lasting differences in Canadian and American values. We first reconsider the key claim of the thesis: that the Loyalist exodus to Canada permanently entrenched distinct value systems in the two societies. Our analysis indicates that, within the general population, the Loyalists had a negligible effect in promoting core differences. We then compare the two societies historically on several indicators—class and economic structure, ethnic and religious composition, immigration and urbanization patterns, and political culture and organization—to identify significant divergences in the peoples' backgrounds and experiences that may have promoted major differences. We find that the two populations were strikingly alike, suggesting that their everyday lives, outlooks, and values were probably quite similar during the Revolutionary era and for several decades afterward.