Spatial distribution and mortality process ofAnoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) eggs in citrus groves

Summary The study was carried out in two (A and B) citrus groves to clarify the spatial distribution patterns of eggs and larvae, and to analyse the mortality process of eggs. From the analysis by using the mean density and the mean crowding, it was clarified that the distributions of eggs were contagious and that larvae were more contagiously distributed than eggs. The τ andz indices showed that the operation of egg mortality was inversely density-dependent in both groves, and that the degree of inverse density-dependence was greater in A than in B grove. The spatial correlations between the emergence holes and the eggs or larvae in each tree, which were analysed by using ω index, showed that the distributions were more overlapping between the emergence holes and the larvae than the eggs. As the result of dividing trees into several groups according to the number of emergence holes, it was clarified that the survival rates of eggs were positively correlated with the number of emergence holes. In conclusion, inversely density-dependent mortality process was considered to be caused by lower mortality rates of eggs in the trees with more emergence holes. Especially in A grove, because the trees with more emergence holes were larger in diameter and more egg oviposition, the inversely density-dependent mortality process was considered to be detected more conspicuously than in B grove.     

Digital learning across cultures: an account of activity theory

ABSTRACT

This paper explores a teaching and learning process as it unfolds in an online offshore classroom. The paper reports on teaching and learning narratives distilled from different cultures, namely the cultures of educators and students in the context of digital learning environments. Drawing on activity theory as a conceptual framework to analyse the narrative, we employ self-study as a methodological tool for capturing the dynamism and complexities that unravel in intercultural and technology-enabled teaching activities. The framework explores the relationships, tensions and opportunities of diverse activity elements that constitute the design and delivery of digital pedagogies. In the networked intercultural system, sustaining the position of activity elements and the specific relational circuit that they institutionalise is a key task for understanding digital technologies as an influential tool for effective learning and teaching practices. We argue that seeing the digital platform from the perspective of its role in creating dynamic interrelationships in a complex activity system is one way to move beyond the cultural confines of any particular element in the system.     

Expansion of formalized in-home services for Japan's aged

This article analyzes the social and political forces in Japan that led to the creation of the Gold Plan, a comprehensive national plan for formalized in-home services for the aged. The political strategies of the Gold Plan are examined from the following perspectives: (1) shifts from institutional to in-home services, (2) decentralization of in-home services policy, and (3) needs for expanding the number of in-home service workers. New nonprofit organizations called Resident-Participation Types (RPTs) are identified, which are self-help organizations to augment the delivery of in-home services to the aged. The current status of these new models for the aged are examined, using data from two different surveys conducted by the Japanese National Council of Social Welfare in 1992 and 1993. Finally, future issues regarding RTPs and in-home services for the aged and some policy recommendations are discussed.     

Effective Techniques: The Career‐in‐Culture Interview: A Semi‐Structured Protocol for the Cross‐Cultural Intake Interview

The authors introduce the Career‐in‐Culture Interview (CiCI), a flexible, semistructured interview protocol designed for the career counseling intake session. The contents of the CiCI are based on recent theoretical advances in multicultural counseling and on the social cognitive model of career development. The authors describe a pilot evaluation of the interview and present guidelines for using the CiCI in practice.     

关于拉德布鲁赫《法哲学的日常问题》的意义

德国法学学者拉德布鲁赫的遗稿<法哲学的日常问题>有两方面的意义:一是始终如一地对实证主义进行批判;二是第一次指出了"平等原则"的重要性,并且将其作为对唯物论的法律观进行批判的论据.     

Equity and the Vickrey allocation rule on general preference domains

We consider the problem of allocating multiple units of an indivisible good among a group of agents in which each agent demands at most one unit of the good and money payment or receipt is required. Under general preference domains that may contain non quasi-linear preferences, the Vickrey allocation rule is characterized by axioms for equity and continuity without use of efficiency: namely, the Vickrey rule is the only rule that satisfies strategy-proofness, weak envy-freeness for equals, non-imposition, and continuity of welfare.     

Fertility schedules ofunaspis yanonensis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in relation to daily temperature

Summary Fertility schedules ofUnaspis yanonensis on citrus leaves were investigated from 1962 to 1971 for the first generation and from 1964 to 1971 for the second generation, at the Okitsu Branch of the Fruit Tree Research Station in Shizuoka Prefecture. The fertility curves were commonly characterized by a first major peak and a few subsequent minor peaks, although their shapes differed from year to year. Models estimating these fertility curves of each generation were constructed in relation to the fluctuations in average daily temperature, on the assumption that the curve was composed of two peaks, i.e., bimodal. Estimated curves were well fitted to observed ones. Contribution B-173, Fruit Tree Res. Stn.