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1.
Janusz L. Wywiał 《Statistical Papers》2008,49(2):277-289
The sampling designs dependent on sample moments of auxiliary variables are well known. Lahiri (Bull Int Stat Inst 33:133–140,
1951) considered a sampling design proportionate to a sample mean of an auxiliary variable. Sing and Srivastava (Biometrika
67(1):205–209, 1980) proposed the sampling design proportionate to a sample variance while Wywiał (J Indian Stat Assoc 37:73–87,
1999) a sampling design proportionate to a sample generalized variance of auxiliary variables. Some other sampling designs
dependent on moments of an auxiliary variable were considered e.g. in Wywiał (Some contributions to multivariate methods in,
survey sampling. Katowice University of Economics, Katowice, 2003a); Stat Transit 4(5):779–798, 2000) where accuracy of some
sampling strategies were compared, too.These sampling designs cannot be useful in the case when there are some censored observations
of the auxiliary variable. Moreover, they can be much too sensitive to outliers observations. In these cases the sampling
design proportionate to the order statistic of an auxiliary variable can be more useful. That is why such an unequal probability
sampling design is proposed here. Its particular cases as well as its conditional version are considered, too. The sampling
scheme implementing this sampling design is proposed. The inclusion probabilities of the first and second orders were evaluated.
The well known Horvitz–Thompson estimator is taken into account. A ratio estimator dependent on an order statistic is constructed.
It is similar to the well known ratio estimator based on the population and sample means. Moreover, it is an unbiased estimator
of the population mean when the sample is drawn according to the proposed sampling design dependent on the appropriate order
statistic. 相似文献
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Churches must realize that the management of their human resources is critical. The U.S. Catholic Church in recent years has been this problem take on even more significance with the apparent shortage of priests. This article considers this problem in light of a relatively new methodology, data envelopment analysis, which compares organizations to comparable best-practice units. The authors conclude that the Church would benefit from a better distribution of priests, both within and across dioceses. They also conclude that the use of deacons and priestless parishes can be effective in some circumstances. 相似文献
4.
Dr Joanna Karolkiewicz Łucja Pilaczyńska–Szcześniak Janusz Maciaszek Wiesław Osiński 《The aging male》2013,16(3):159-163
The purpose of the study was to examine in the blood of overweight men aged from 62 to 83 years, the relationships between age and insulin resistance, selected parameters of the oxidative stress, and the antioxidant defense system. The population studied was divided into two groups: the group ‘young-old’ consisted of men aged 62 to 74 years old, and the group ‘old-old’– of men aged between 75 and 83 years. The total antioxidative status (TAS) and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the blood plasma. In the serum samples, the levels of antibodies against oxidized LDL (oLAB), glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were measured. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR) was calculated. Concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were determined in the red blood cells hemolysate. The results of the study did not show significant differences between groups investigated with respect to concentrations of TBARS, TAS, GSH and GPx. However, significantly higher concentrations of glucose and antibodies against oxLDL (p < 0.05) were observed in the group of men over 74 years old in comparison to the group of ‘young-old’ men. It was indicated that the increased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in elderly men are related to body mass and that they cause intensified oxidative modifications of LDL. 相似文献
5.
de Barbaro B Drozdzowicz L Janusz B Gdowska K Dembińska E Kołbik I Furgał M 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2008,34(3):287-297
The aim of therapeutic help in marital crisis is to break the vicious circle of mutual hurtful accusations. The method that the authors present below involves a group of couples working within a closed cycle of meetings. In the course of successive group meetings, the various couples act as reflecting teams (RTs) for each other. This achieves two objectives: the couple recounting their crisis receives nonthreatening feedback, which helps them to implement positive changes and break out of the self-perpetuating destructive interaction. In addition, the couples acting as the RT learn nonjudgmental, nontheorizing and affirmative communication. 相似文献
6.
Spritzer DT Rohde LA Benzano DB Laranjeira RR Pinsky I Zaleski M Caetano R Tavares H 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):649-661
The objectives of the study are: (a) to provide the first prevalence estimates of pathological gambling among Brazilian adolescents
using an age-specific instrument in a nationally representative sample; (b) to investigate the extent to which adolescents
participate in gambling activities in a developing country; and (c) to correlate different levels of gambling behavior with
demographic variables. Multistage cluster sampling selected 3,007 individuals over 14 years of age from Brazilian household
population. A total of 661 participants were between 14 and 17 years old. The Lie/Bet Questionnaire and the DSM-IV-MR-J were
used for assessing problem and pathological gambling. 2.8% scored positive on the screening questionnaire, while 1.6% were
classified as problem and pathological gamblers. Factors associated with problem and pathological gambling were male sex,
not currently studying and considering religion as not important. Less than 4 months elapsed between the age of regular gambling
involvement and the first gambling problem. Prevalence rates were quite similar from recent studies which used nationally
representative samples. The association of problem and pathological gambling with male sex, school drop-out and low religiosity
supports the Problem Behavior Theory. The fast progression to problem gambling adds evidence that adolescents may be more
vulnerable to the effects of gambling. 相似文献
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The developmental neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) in humans has been described following catastrophic events in Minamata Bay, Japan and in Iraq, and following the exposure to lower doses elsewhere in the world. The most common route of MeHg exposure in humans is through the intake of contaminated food, especially fish. Although the precautions against the ingestion of potentially contaminated food during pregnancy are well recognized, precautions against the ingestion of MeHg during lactation are not so uniformly recognized. However, the continued development of the central nervous system during the early postnatal period serves to prolong the period during which this critical system is susceptible to the toxic insult of MeHg. Because no direct method is available to quantitatively assess the lactational transfer of MeHg to humans, a computer-aided simulation method was developed. An available gestational physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was refined and expanded to include parameters and algorithms specific for the elimination of MeHg in breast milk. The predictions of the completed model were compared with experimental data obtained from rodents, and the model parameters were allometrically scaled to humans. Finally, the model was validated by comparing its predictions against the available clinical data for MeHg distribution and elimination in mothers and their nursing infants. This model incorporated current and previous maternal exposures to MeHg to accurately predict the kinetics of MeHg excretion in breast milk and the daily intake by the nursing infant. This model may be used to quantify MeHg intake by the nursing infant, under different rates of maternal MeHg ingestion. 相似文献
9.
Katarzyna Kopczewska Janusz Kudła Konrad Walczyk Robert Kruszewski Agata Kocia 《Policy Studies》2016,37(3):274-293
It is claimed that tax policy is neither time- nor space-independent due to cross-border tax base mobility, which induces spillovers. Specifically, fiscal shocks in one country are supposed to have an impact on fiscal policies in other countries. Different types of taxes influence economies differently. This paper addresses the question of their impact on government debt. Within a framework of spatial econometric modeling, we evaluate the impact of capital, labor and consumption taxes on public debt in 34 European countries in 2002–2011, and find strong spatial spillovers. We show that a consumption tax and, to a lesser degree, a capital tax significantly affect the sovereign debt, and that the global relations play a leading role (i.e. dominate the local ones) in shaping fiscal policy. 相似文献
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