The African Evaluation Guidelines: 2002. A checklist to assist in planning evaluations, negotiating clear contracts, reviewing progress and ensuring adequate completion of an evaluation

A review of the US ‘program evaluation standards’ (PES), undertaken in a series of workshops and meetings of networks of evaluators in Africa, resulted in modifications to those standards. The result was presented to a plenary session of the Inaugural Conference of the African Evaluation Association in September 1999, attended by over 300 evaluators from 35 countries. The AfrEA Conference decided that a systematic effort should be made to produce a list of African evaluation guidelines, similar to the PES, and that this checklist should be reviewed by national evaluation associations and networks in Africa and field tested in several countries. Ten national and regional networks and associations suggested modifications to the text and endorsed the final version of the guidelines.     

蛋白组学方法应用于人肺癌组织蛋白表达的研究

采用蛋白组学方法,利用4例中国肺癌患者的切除肺癌组织测定了磷癌(SQCLC)的蛋白表达 从双向电泳(2-DEgel)切下53个点,49个蛋白与数据库搜索结果吻合。在鉴定的24个蛋白中,17个蛋白有报道是与肺癌相关的蛋白其7个蛋白与人类其它癌症相关。所建立的蛋白组学方法能够用于建立一种基于组织的化验方法,发现肺癌患者组织中表达的蛋白标记物以用于癌症的分子学诊断。     

Sustainability of family planning and health projects

USAID has assisted the Ghanian Ministry of Health since 1991 to boost family planning services under the Ghana Family Planning and Health Project by providing supplies and information and increasing the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. The sustainability of the health system is endangered by favoring capital expenditures in lieu of continuous expenditures; the lack of linkage between project activities and regular activities; the centralization of resource flow; and too ambitious targeting. Capital outlays provided by USAID featured in the construction of four public health laboratories, but their operation also requires continuous financing amounting to about 10% of the whole investment. The latter is the responsibility of the government, although the details of these recurrent costs were not detailed at the outset and providing these funds for continuous operation may impair the operation of other systems. The resource constraints could be alleviated by an effective cost-recovery system or by the general improvement of the economy. The lack of linkage between project and regular activities is serious at regional and district levels. The centralization of resource flow means that most resources are kept for headquarter level activities, thus other activities suffer and the health sector becomes excessively reliant on donor support. Too ambitious planning stems from pressure on donors and hastily implemented projects result in duplication and waste. Closer consultation with the parties involved would improve the situation. The rivalry of technical and policy groups has contributed to past deficiencies. Double funding for the same activity has also occurred further increasing the dependence on donor funding. By concentration on people and systems sustainability would be enhanced, while cost recovery would help the operation of the laboratories. The Health Education Unit (HEU) recognized the importance of IEC and obtained financing for such activities.     

结合少数民族实际建设新农村——关于推进黑龙江省少数民族社会主义新农村建设进程的调研报告

本文利用大量的第一手调研资料,从“两个共同”的高度,深刻认识黑龙江省少数民族新农村建设的重要意义,确定推进新农村建设的总体方案,提出实施推进少数民族新农村建设的措施,以及需要解决和应特别关注的问题。     

吉林省四平地区老年人健康影响因素及对策探析

为了解吉林省四平地区老年人的健康状况及其影响因素,制定有效的防治对策,采用现场体检及问卷调查的方式,对该地区1 059位60岁及以上老年人的健康现状进行调查。老年人健康状况不容乐观,慢性病患病率较高。其中慢性病患病率位于前五位的依次为心脏病、高血压、糖尿病、骨关节病、脑血管病。老年人健康影响因素包括吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠、锻炼身体等。提出注重健康影响因素、提高老年人健康水平的具体对策。     

Social Competence with Peers in Third Grade: Associations with Earlier Peer Experiences in Childcare1

The early developmental antecedents of individual differences in children's social functioning with peers in third grade were examined using longitudinal data from the large‐scale National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) study of early child care. In a sample of 1,364 children, with family and child factors controlled, the frequency of positive and negative peer interactions in childcare between 24 and 54 months and the number of hours spent in childcare peer groups of different sizes (alone, dyad, small, medium, large) predicted third graders' peer competence at three levels of analysis: individual social skills, dyadic friendships, and peer‐group acceptance. Children who had more positive experiences with peers in childcare had better social and communicative skills with peers in third grade, were more sociable and co‐operative and less aggressive, had more close friends, and were more accepted and popular. Children with more frequent negative experiences with peers in childcare were more aggressive in third grade, had lower social and communicative skills, and reported having fewer friends. When children spent more time in small‐sized peer groups in childcare (four or fewer children at 24 months of age up to seven or fewer at 54 months), they were more sociable and co‐operative in third grade, but their teachers rated them as more aggressive, suggesting that such children may be more socially outgoing and active both positively and negatively. Like those who spent more time in small peer groups, children who spent more hours in medium‐sized groups received higher ratings for peer aggression by their third‐grade teachers. Children who spent more time with one other child in childcare or in small peer groups had fewer classroom friends in third grade as reported by the teacher but not according to maternal report or self‐report. There were no significant associations between the amount of time children spent in large childcare‐based peer groups and third‐grade peer social competence.     

立普妥对老年充血性心力衰竭MS患者血清CRP和LDL-C的影响

目的探讨CRP水平和充血性心力衰竭（CHF）、代谢综合征（MS）程度之间的关系,以及应用立普妥对CHF代谢综合征预后的影响。方法观察120例CHF代谢综合征患者在常规应用心衰治疗药物的基础上,给予立普妥干预前后血清CRP和LDL-C的变化。另选30例无心衰MS患者为对照组。结果心衰代谢综合征患者CRP、LDL-C水平均明显高于无心衰代谢综合征患者（P〈0.05）相关分析显示CHF患者的CRP水平和心衰程度呈正相关（r=0.14,0.21,0.32,0.39,P〈0.05）。CHF患者的LDL-C水平和心衰程度亦呈正相关（r=0.21,0.33,0.46,0.50,P〈0.05）。药物干预组立普妥治疗前与治疗后比较,LDL-C水平有明显降低（P〈0.05）。常规治疗组治疗前与治疗后比较,LDL-C水平无明显变化（P〉0.05）。药物干预组患者给予立普妥干预治疗4,8周后比较CRP水平均有显著降低（P〈0.01）,且与应用时间的长短呈正相关（r=0.11,0.34,P〈0.05）;常规治疗组患者治疗前、后比较,CRP水平无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论CRP可以作为CHF代谢综合征患者预后评估的重要指标之一。     

论资本经营与高新区发展之路——以无锡新区为例

资本经营是全球化时代世界经济发展的趋势，也是一国经济可持续增长的重要动力，高新技术开发区作为地区经济发展的引擎，对外开放的前沿阵地以及科技创新的战略基地，探索资本经营之道，推进重点企业上市势在必行，无锡新区寻求形成“新区板块”的战略举措对全面提升企业素质．推进新区的创新型国际化进程有重大意义。