Fertility differences between the family of orientation and the family or procreation in Barbados

Data from an island-wide probability sample of 4119 Barbadian females aged 16-50 were used to study whether there has been an intergenerational fertility decline between the respondents and their mothers. The fertility of the respondents, all from the low or lower middle class, was significantly lower than that of their mothers. However, the size of the family of procreation was seen to be positively related to the size of the family of orientation; i.e., those from large families tended to have large families and vice versa. There was, however, a regression to the mean. There were no differences between women from small and large families as to fertility norms, age at 1st use of contraceptives, or actual practice of contraception. Women from small families did tend to enter sexual relationships and get pregnant at a later age. The women from small families were better educated, earned higher incomes, and had higher status occupations, all factors which might have influenced their fertility. Women from larger families cited higher numbers for both small and large families than did the women from small families. This indicates a perceptual difference which was, in turn, related to fertility differences.     

浅析转型期公共风险的内在规定性

当前,我国正处于经济转轨和社会转型时期,社会的经济结构、政治环境、思想文化仍处于激烈的变动之中,而各种不确定因素的相互作用,必然会引发许多潜在的或现实的矛盾和冲突,给国家和地方政府带来种种不确定的公共风险,本文根据相关理论自定义"公共风险",并研究它的内涵及特性。同时指出地方政府进行公共风险防控的重要性,为地方政府预防和控制公共风险的分析研究提供重要的理论依据。     

《蒙古——卫拉特法典》与蒙古族传统的财产分配习俗

文章对<蒙古--卫拉特法典>中的财产分配法与蒙古族传统财产分配习惯进行对比和分析,以相关文献记载为例阐述二者的关系、发展趋势和社会作用.     

Emigration and fertility decline: The case of Barbados

This paper examines the role of emigration in the recent fertility declines which have occurred on the island of Barbados. Barbados with a history of over two centuries of out-migration has experienced in the period 1951–1970 very significant migration loss. In the period 1960–1970 and up to the present fertility has been declining. An important question is what part has this net migration loss of 32,600 had on the reduction of the crude birth rate from 33.6 in 1960 or from 31.5 in 1956 to 20.5 in 1970? Using officially published net migration loss figures and supplementing them with data on Barbadians living overseas, we calculated the crude birth rates which would have occurred had there been no migration loss. We also calculated the numbers of births to be expected if certain age-specific fertility rates were maintained and compared these with the births to residents plus the calculated births to Barbadians overseas. We conclude that in both cases emigration is a very significant contributor to the fertility declines which have occurred and are still underway.     

Fertility and number of partnerships in Barbados

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the number of partnerships ever engaged in and fertility, as measured by the average number of live births. It was found that the larger the number of partnerships in which a woman had been engaged the higher is her fertility. This relationship between partnerships and fertility remains even when such variables as present age, age at first partnership, age at first pregnancy, time lost between unions, time spent in partnerships, time since entry into the first partnership, type of sexual union at first pregnancy, present type of sexual union, and current use or non-use of contraceptives are controlled by cross tabulation. Correlation analysis also bears out the positive relationship between partnerships and fertility. The data for this study came from a sample survey of 4,199 women of lower, and lower middle, socio-economic status who were interviewed in 1971 on the island of Barbados. The authors have confidence in the reliability and validity of their data and hence in their findings and conclusions. The authors believe that their findings contradict the previously established positive relationship between patterns of stability of sexual unions and fertility in English-speaking Caribbean societies. They conclude that the relationship was either not rigorously examined in the past or else has undergone changes as these societies modernize economically and socially.     

论理性系统的层次结构和复杂性

不同哲学家分别从理性的不同层次对理性进行解读。这种单向度的理论,虽不能反映出理性的整体性,但表明人类理性具有一定层次性。不同层次理性对材料进行加工和创造依赖于主体各自的价值标准和选择意向;不同层次的价值标准和选择意向的冲突表明不同理性层次之间具有复杂性;理性的复杂性产生于理性系统跨越层次的相干关系。揭示理性系统层次结构和复杂性,对于理清技术（工具）理性与交往理性等价值理性的关系脉络,把握整体性的理性思想和学科之间的关系,挖掘新的认识具有重大意义。     

《蒙古译语词典》中的某些词义考释

本文对《蒙古译语词典》里的“鹁鸽”、“溺”、“园”等三个词的蒙古文词义重新作了考释。