生鲜产品供应链最优化决策综述与拓展建议

生鲜产品具有强时效、低残值、高随机的特点。为综合了解生鲜产品企业的优化决策及其供应链的契约协调,采用文献归纳法,综述生鲜产品的易逝性刻画方法、生鲜企业的优化决策模型、以及渠道契约协调机制,并分析进一步可以拓展的研究方向。拓展建议有三点,一是将市场或消费者因素纳入变质率函数;二是寻找全链保鲜投入和终端货架服务与成本效益的均衡点:三是设计兼具收益共享和成本分担功能的契约机制。     

Measuring Loneliness Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The UCLA and de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scales

This study examined the measurement and invariance properties of the R-UCLA and de Jong Gierveld loneliness scales for research involving middle-aged and older adults. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of data from interviews with adults aged 45–84 revealed limited support for the unidimensionality of either scale while subsequent analyses indicated the multidimensionality of both. However, method effects associated with positive and negative item wording were also evident. Multiple group CFAs provided limited support for assumptions of measurement invariance across age groups and from baseline to follow-up with regard to the R-UCLA scale. In contrast, strong measurement invariance across age groups and successive measurements was established for the bi-dimensional dJG scale. Overall, the findings supported the relative utility of the dJG scale for research involving middle-aged and older adults but suggested a need for attention to the implications of method effects associated with item wording and lack of measurement invariance with respect to item residuals.     

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Entrance Assessment Model Through Air Passenger Violations

This article aims to construct a risk model for the prediction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) entrance caused by passengers who illegally carry meat products of cloven-hoofed animals through international airports into a country. The risk that meat contaminated with the FMD virus is formulated as the probabilities of FMD factor events (the prevalence of FMD), the commodity factor event (the transportation, storage, and distribution (TSD) factor event), and the passenger event. Data used for analysis were records of illegal meat product carriers from areas A and B intercepted at an international airport in Taiwan. A risk model was proposed to simulate the probability distributions in disease prevalence, probability of FMD virus existing in the meat products after meat processing, and estimation of survival of virus and time period for TSD. The probability of the passenger event was hypothesized with the odds of intercepted passengers and estimated via logistic regression. The results showed that the odds of passengers being intercepted by beagles were higher than those intercepted by Customs. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of FMD virus risk caused by FMD factors from area A was 149 times lower than that from area B. The probability of FMD virus risk caused by the passenger event from area A was four times lower than the corresponding probability from area B. The model provides a contribution to FMD prevention and can be a reference for developing models of other diseases.     

On comparing,classifying and clustering several dependent regression models

Classifying several regression models fitted on a dataset is one of the most problems in data analysis. In other words, scientists are interested in comparing several regression models that can be used for a dataset. In this paper, an approach will be used to compare and classify several dependent regression models. Then the performance of the proposed method is investigated using simulation study and real example.     

智能控制系统研究现状与展望

控制理论的发展正面临着新的突破，智能控制将成为控制理论发展中的一个新阶段．本文以近年来智能控制领域的研究成果为基础，结合国际上一些比较值得注意的动向，分析了智能控制系统的结构特点，对其研究现状进行了综述，进一步探讨了相关问题，并提出了智能控制系统今后可能的发展方向．     

简析黑格尔的伦理有机体思想

黑格尔没有一本伦理学专著,他常常把伦理和伦理学都称为伦理,有时又把道德学说也叫做伦理学,这就增加了研究其伦理思想的难度。实际上,黑格尔关于伦理的思想是前后一贯的。在他那里,伦理学是客观伦理、主观伦理和绝对伦理构成的“一个伦理有机体”。黑格尔的伦理学决定了他在西方伦理史上的重要地位。     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

祛弱权与生命伦理学“共识的崩溃”

当代生命伦理学的重要奠基人恩格尔哈特否定后现代伦理学境遇中的生命伦理学达成共识的可能性。我们认为,每一个人都不可避免地时刻处在脆弱性状态,脆弱性在人的状况的有限性或界限的意义上具有普遍一致性。从这个意义上讲,祛除普遍的脆弱性的价值诉求,在道德实践中就转化为具有规范性意义的作为人权的祛弱权。祛弱权不仅是生命伦理学的基础,也应当是生命法学的基础。