Growing Wealth Gaps in Education

Prior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children’s wealth backgrounds, although the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today’s children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.     

Forest Conservation,Value Conflict,and Interest Formation in a Honduran National Park*

Abstract We argue that attempts to superimpose park regulatory regimes on existing land uses in the tropics represent conflicts between alternative cultural models of natural resource management. The results of such conflicts are unique regulatory regimes emerging from distinctive processes that redefine the terms and limits of natural resource use. In creating a scarcity of available resources, parks encourage social differentiation and greater awareness of societal patterns of inequality, establishing a potential for the articulation of demands for social and environmental equity. We evaluate these claims with a case study of the Cerro Azul Meambar National Park in Honduras. We base our analysis on 54 indepth interviews of Park residents in five Park communities.     

“小产权房”应理性看待和恰当解决

“小产权房”问题的产生既有历史原因也有现实原因，目前在关于“小产权房”地位的论争中存在两种截然相反的观点。对“小产权房”的合法化不应一概反对，应具体分析，恰当处理与疏导“小产权房”问题，从农村内部、城市内部和城乡一体化发展中寻求解决途径。     

Immigrant Environmental Behaviors in New York City

Objective. This article compares environmental behaviors of immigrants and the native-born to answer questions about potential impacts of immigration on the U.S. environment. Methods. We consider immigrant/native-born differences in the likelihood of engaging in environmentally friendly behavior. With data from a survey of New York City residents, we test two hypotheses regarding environmental behavior: (1) controlling for environmental orientation, environmental knowledge, acculturation, community attachment, and economic status will reduce immigrant/native-born differences, and (2) controlling for race will increase immigrant/native-born differences. Results. Our analysis provided no support for the second hypothesis, but there were varied results for the first hypothesis depending on the type of environmental behavior considered. Conclusions. Our findings for New York City show that fears of immigrants being less likely to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors are unfounded. Of greater significance to environmental organizations is the lower level of immigrant involvement in environmentally oriented political behaviors, suggesting that continued immigration will present challenges both in making the environmental movement more ethnically diverse and in maintaining its vitality.     

行政组织边界理论基础上的我国农业行政执法体制改革理论模型研究

农业行政执法正逐步成为一项重要的农业行政职能 ,农业行政综合执法是我国农业行政执法体制改革中产生的新生事物 ,在实践中受到各方利益群体的质疑。本文以我国行政体制改革是行政边界和行政组织边界的双重边界重构为理论基础 ,研究归纳出我国农业行政执法的三种理论模型 ,并阐述了模型形成的依据和模型的替代顺序 ,认为综合执法是我国现阶段提高农业行政执法效率切实可行的选择 ,从长远来看也可能是一种过渡形式。     

“Women's Work”? Women Partners of Transgender Men Doing Housework and Emotion Work

Despite increasing family studies research on same‐sex cohabiters and families, the literature is virtually devoid of transgender and transsexual families. To bridge this gap, I present qualitative research narratives on household labor and emotion work from 50 women partners of transgender and transsexual men. Contrary to much literature on “same‐sex” couples, the division of household labor and emotion work within these contemporary families cannot simply be described as egalitarian. Further, although the forms of emotion work and “gender strategies,”“family myths,” and “accounts” with which women partners of trans men engage resonate with those from women in (non‐trans) heterosexual and lesbian couples, they are also distinct, highlighting tensions among personal agency, politics, and structural inequalities in family life.     

Does demographic knowledge matter? Results of a poll in the New York City Watershed

A 1993 telephone survey of 1,150 households in 15 upstate towns in the New York City watershed asked a number of knowledge and attitude questions related to perceptions of national, local, and world population size. Considerable public ignorance of population size was revealed, with gender differences the most critical explanatory variable. Males were much more likely to respond to knowledge questions on population size, and to respond more accurately, even after several other characteristics were held constant. However, knowledge is at best unrelated to measures of concern about population, and even shows a slight tendency to be associated with lower concern.     

Beliefs about the etiology of homosexuality and about the ramifications of discovering its possible genetic origin

Homosexuality is viewed by many as a social problem. As such, there is a keen interest in elucidating the origins of homosexuality among many scholars, from anthropologists to zoologists, from psychologists to theologians. Research has shown that those who believe sexual orientation is inborn are more likely to have tolerant attitudes toward gay men and lesbians, whereas those who believe it is a choice have less tolerant attitudes. The current qualitative study used in-depth, open-ended telephone interviews with 42 White and 44 Black Americans to gain insight into the public's beliefs about the possible genetic origins of homosexuality. Along with etiological beliefs (and the sources of information used to develop these beliefs), we asked respondents to describe the benefits and dangers of scientists discovering the possible genetic basis for homosexuality. We found that although limited understanding and biased perspectives likely led to simplistic reasoning concerning the origins and genetic basis of homosexuality, many individuals appreciated the complex and interactive etiological perspectives. These interactive perspectives often included recognition of some type of inherent aspect, such as a genetic factor(s), that served as an underlying predisposition that would be manifested after being influenced by other factors such as choice or environmental exposures. We also found that beliefs in a genetic basis for homosexuality could be used to support very diverse opinions including those in accordance with negative eugenic agendas.     

重构现场:新闻报道的空间叙事策略

新闻报道的空间建构是新闻报道有效叙事之重点环节,聚焦于现场的报道,是一种立足于深刻认知新闻现场和现场新闻之内在关联的选择性重构,现场既代表新闻报道的语境与情境还原,同时也是实现传受双方互动理解的一种审美超越。现场的报道空间建构不仅体现出新闻报道的时效要求对叙事策略选择的必然,更通过叙事设计的结构化、进入化策略来实践传受双方知觉场的共建,尤其在当代新媒体环境下,新闻报道的空间叙事策略将伴随社会空间的心灵感知而不断创新发展。重视并有效发掘、应用那些能够激发受众感知的想象力的空间要素,才是新闻报道未来创新的方向,空间的重构也绝非是媒介技术提供的拟态逼真,而是构建合乎受众认知需求与审美体验的空间实践,是叙事的社会参与,也是其心灵对话空间的共建。