Assessing Risk‐Based Upper Limits of Melamine Migration from Food Containers

Melamine contamination of food has become a major food safety issue because of incidents of infant disease caused by exposure to this chemical. This study was aimed at establishing a safety limit in Taiwan for the degree of melamine migration from food containers. Health risk assessment was performed for three exposure groups (preschool children, individuals who dine out, and elderly residents of nursing homes). Selected values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for melamine were used to calculate the reference migration concentration limit (RMCL) or reference specific migration limit (RSML) for melamine food containers. The only existing values of these limits for international standards today are 1.2 mg/L (0.2 mg/dm²) in China and 30 mg/L (5 mg/dm²) in the European Union. The factors used in the calculations included the specific surface area of food containers, daily food consumption rate, body weight, TDI, and the percentile of the population protected at a given migration concentration limit (MCL). The results indicate that children are indeed at higher risk of melamine exposure at toxic levels than are other groups and that the 95th percentile of MCL (specific surface area = 5) for children aged 1–6 years should be the RMCL (0.07 mg/dm²) for protecting the sensitive and general population.     

Binge drinking and labor market success: a longitudinal study on young people

This paper presents a two-equation model of joint outcomes on an individual’s decision to binge drink and on his/her annual labor market earnings. The primary data source is the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), 1979–1994. We show that binge drinking behavior is quite alcohol-price responsive and is a rational addiction. A new result is that an individual’s decision to binge drink has a statistically significant negative effect on his/her earnings. Furthermore, we conducted simulations of the short-run and long-run impacts of increasing the alcohol price. They showed that the tendency for an individual to binge drink heavily is reduced significantly, and the reduction is greater in the long-run than short-run simulation. Also, an individual's annual earnings were increased. However, in the structural model, an individual’s earnings have no significant effect on his/her tendency to engage in binge drinking. Our results contradict earlier findings from cross-section evidence that showed increased alcohol consumption raised an individual’s earnings or wages.     

中部地区如何崛起

"促进中部地区崛起"现已成为国家战略.但是,中部地区如何崛起?靠什么崛起?还需要认真研究考虑中部地区的发展战略.中部地区总面积102 75万平方公里,占全国国土面积的10 7%,总人口36 310万人,占全国总人口的28 1%.中部崛起对于中国现代化建设和构建社会主义和谐社会具有至关重要的意义.     

论社会商品供需平衡与贸易统计改革

江泽民同志在党的十五大报告中指出：一定要以我国改革开放和现代化建设的实际问题、以我们正在做的事情为中心,着眼于马克思主义理论的运用,着眼于对实际问题的理论思考,着眼于新的实践、新的发展。在我国统计改革的历程中,统计制度方法改革一直处于统计改革的中心,面对统计实践中层出不穷的新情况、新问题、新发展和新变化,怎样才能使我们的统计制度方法具备更为广泛的适用性、稳定性和协调性,我们认为：充分的理论研究与丰厚的理论基础是实践成功的保证。本期刊出贺铿同志的文章《论社会商品供需平衡与贸易统计改革》的目的是引起广大统计工作者,包括理论工作者和实际工作者对我国统计制度方法改革中理论研究的重视,充分发挥理论对实践的指导作用,减少工作的盲目性,确保我国的统计制度方法改革顺利进行,使统计工作更好地适应社会主义市场经济体制的需要     

六安市农业产业化发展战略及其模式初探

六安市位于安徽省西部,其中多个县为国家级贫困县,但同时六安又是安徽省进行农业产业化试点较早的城市之一,近几年社会经济得到了较快发展,农民收入不断增加.这里基于对六安市农业产业化的SWOT分析,强调农业产业化对六安市农村发展的重要作用和意义,进而对其农业产业化发展的战略及其发展模式进行研究.     

突发事件中的国家-社会关系——上海基层社区“抗非”考察

对中国城市基层治理的探讨,大多得出“强国家、弱社会”的结论,其议题亦无涉居民切身利益,无法为“强势国家”提供有力佐证。本研究以上海社区“抗非”动员为背景,观察突发事件中的国家-社会关系。调查发现,上海的“抗非”工作几乎都由国家主导,居民仅被动配合,自发参与度极其有限。在具体策略上,国家一方面透过主流媒体的调控,掌握“议题建构”渠道;另一方面则借助社区建设的配合,节制“社会参与”渠道,从而在因对突发事件的过程中,强化了国家的合法性和掌控力,构筑了“国强社弱”的制度格局。     

纽约理工大学通识教育课程设置理念及启示

我国的理工科院校在不断加强科学技术教育的同时,常常忽视对学生人文素养和理性精神的培养,究其原因是我国缺乏对学生通识教育的培养。而纽约理工大学在通识教育课程设置和实施方面非常成功且具有特色,对我国理工科院校开展通识教育具有一定的启发和借鉴意义：在开展通识教育时,我国理工科院校应当尽快建立国家层面或地方层面的通识教育统筹机构,坚守高等教育理念,尽快建立加强通识教育课程与课程组设置,消除人们对通识教育的误解,并加强通识教育的推广与宣传。     

Psychosocial Well-Being of the Elderly and Their Perception of Matured Estate in Singapore

This article explores various relationships between the elderly's psychosocial well-being and components of aging-friendly community (continuity, compensation, connection, challenge, and contribution), in order to understand their perception of a matured estate and to discuss implications in housing neighborhood urban design. Interviews with elderly residents living in Bukit Merah (Redhill), one of the matured housing estates in Singapore with a high percentage of elderly residents, were conducted to understand how eldercare infrastructure and social spaces developed within the fabric of a high-rise, high-density public housing estate can support or inhibit their psychosocial well-being, as indicated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Our results postulate that different groups of elderly form friendships and participate in activities in both formal social service centers and informal public spaces. The friendships formed in these places and the convenience of amenities around their houses may affect their perception of their current residences. While the elderly residents are generally satisfied with physical infrastructure, a comprehensive, integrated urban design is further needed to facilitate physical activities, social interactions, and active aging in the elderly in order to enhance their psychosocial well-being.     

亚里士多德中庸观及其现代启示

在古希腊的传统思想观念中,中庸之道无论对科学、技术还是艺术或者对思想、情感和行为,都是最理想的方式方法。亚里士多德的中庸思想直接继承古希腊这一传统思想,他在汲取前人思想的同时,根据当时社会状况,对中庸思想在理论上作出论证,并作为一项准则在伦理学、美学、政治等各个领域里加以使用。应当说,亚里士多德的中庸伦理观作为一种对于人的情感和行为的道德指南,在历史上产生了深远的影响。