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Generalized social trust is correlated with increased levels of civic engagement, lower crime rates, and greater economic growth. Many scholars believe that equality provides the conditions in which social trust can flourish. Thus, welfare programs might be one way to generate social trust. However, the relationship between social spending and trust is contested: Some argue it is negative, while others argue it is positive. This study examined the effects of total social welfare expenditures on social trust in 18 OECD countries, holding constant individual characteristics, country characteristics, and country and year effects. Fixed effects analyses indicate that every additional percent of gross domestic product spent on social expenditures 5 years prior is associated with a 4.7 percent increased likelihood that respondents of that country will endorse trusting other people. Further testing for reverse causality found no significant association between trust and later social expenditures, supporting the claim that expenditures drive trust instead of the reverse. 相似文献
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Hannah G. Dahlen Maree Johnson Julia Hoolsema Tiffany Patterson Norrie Shilpi Ajwani Anthony Blinkhorn Sameer Bhole Sharon Ellis Ravi Srinivas Albert Yaacoub Andrew Milat John Skinner Ajesh George 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(2):e159-e165
Background
Despite links between poor maternal oral health, adverse pregnancy outcomes and early childhood decay there is limited emphasis on maternal oral health in Australia. To address this, the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health Dental Service (MIOH-DS) program was developed in collaboration with the Australian College of Midwives.Aims
To undertake a process evaluation and explore perceptions of midwives involved in the MIOH-DS program to determine its practicability, acceptability and feasibility if it were to be up-scaled and implemented into clinical practice.Methods
Qualitative content analysis was undertaken on data from three focus groups with 21 midwives.Findings
Midwives generally found the MIOH-DS to be acceptable and feasible with potential for widespread scalability. The trust women had in midwives was an important factor in gaining women’s attention about oral health in pregnancy. The program assisted in increasing midwives’ knowledge and awareness, though some felt it was outside their scope of practice. The oral health assessment tool was acceptable to midwives but some concerns were expressed about undertaking a visual oral inspection. Most midwives stated they were now confident with referring individuals to a dentist. Significant barriers to widespread implementation included the cost of dental care and the continued lack of awareness and misconceptions pregnant women had towards oral health.Conclusion
Midwives found the MIOH-DS to be acceptable and feasible which are two important barriers to potential implementation at scale. Misconceptions over the importance of oral health by women and cost of accessing dental services still need resolving. 相似文献3.
Adita Singh Chetan B. Singai Shilpi Srivastava Sumathi Sivam 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):598-608
Efficient water management has emerged as a critical challenge of environmental protection and human security in the twenty-first
century. Lack of water management affects the hydrological cycle of the earth, leading to a major influence on the livelihood
of the people. This paper reviews the enhanced role of IWRM in water management. It discusses the functioning of Integrated
Water Resource Management (IWRM) as a global approach to overcome the challenge(s) regarding the efficient management of water.
Further, the paper argues for ‘inclusive water governance’ developed at the local level as against IWRM developed at the global
level. The paper emphasizes on the approach of inclusive water governance as a practical solution to address the water management
crisis in India, in particular, and developing countries, in general. Inclusive water governance is sensitive to equitable
access to water, as a human right, and also to sustainability of water, as an important resource.
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Sumathi SivamEmail: |
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Social Indicators Research - The rapid urban growth poses a huge challenge in sustaining the quality of local environment and life characteristics in contemporary cities. There is a growing body of... 相似文献
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