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1.
Fukuko Kobayashi 《Gender Issues》1991,11(2):43-64
This article is a slightly revised version of an article that appeared in the journalWaseda Shōgaku (Waseda Commercial Review) no. 335, July 1990. 相似文献
2.
Shiro Kobayashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1975,16(2):265-280
Summary A second mathematical model describing the species-area relation was proposed for continuous expanding of sample area. This
model is expressed asS=λ ln(1+x/E) whereS is the number of species occurring in an areax, and λ andE are the constants termedspecific diversity andelemental area respectively. As a result of testing the validity of the model for several sets of data, it was shown that the above equation
would provide an adequate fit to a group of species belonging to a single synusia which exists in an open habitat.
The ecological implications of parameters involved were discussed and the characteristic area presented previously (Kobayashi, 1974) was defined in terms ofE. The relation between results obtained by discrete sampling and continuous sampling was examined and the possibility of converting
one to another was suggested.
Contribution from the Laboratory of Applied Zoology, Yamagata University, No. 79. 相似文献
3.
Shiro Kobayashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1965,7(2):109-117
Summary To investigate the relation between the distribution pattern of eggs and the parental density in the common cabbage butterfly,Pieris rapae crucivora, the countings of egg number per plant were made on both cabbage plants cultivated in the farm and planted in the net house
in which the female butterflies were released at various densities.
The frequency distribution of eggs fits well to the negative binomial excepting the cases where they agree withPoisson series, and the degree of aggregation expressed as the reciprocal of the parameter, 1/k, tends to decrease as the egg or parental density increases. At the same parental density, however, the distribution of eggs
can be described by the negative binomial with a common parameter,k
c, regardless of the difference in the density of laid eggs.
In the case where a single female butterfly lays eggs, the spatial pattern of egg distribution is always lean, while its frequencies
conform toPoisson or the negative binomial series. This lean changes toward patchy with increasing the parental density.
From these results, it is concluded that the degree of aggregation in the distribution of eggs decreases with the increase
of the parental density. 相似文献
4.
5.
Much research shows that breastfeeding provides short- and long-term health benefits for both mothers and their children. However, few studies have yet investigated the factors which may promote or inhibit breastfeeding practices in Japan. To fill this research gap, this paper uses data newly gathered in 2012 on breastfeeding initiation and duration for each child of each mother, which enable us to estimate mother fixed-effects models that control for unobserved differences among mothers. Compared to mothers who leave their jobs after childbirth, mothers who return to work within a year after childbirth do not significantly differ in breastfeeding initiation but have a breastfeeding duration which is shorter by 1.654 months. On the other hand, when fathers work under a flextime system after childbirth, breastfeeding initiation is higher, and the duration is longer by 4.418 months. Therefore, letting fathers work under a flextime system would help promote breastfeeding practices in Japan. 相似文献
6.
Rapid growth of technology innovations promotes governments world-wide to actively explore the best way to realize its economic benefits. Likewise, Chinese government has positioned advances of high technology a driving-force to continued economic achievements, and launched various high-tech policies. This case study focuses on computer-aided design (CAD), a key field under policy support, discloses policy’s critical role. Interview/survey data from corporate and academic leaders were also collected and synthesized. The emergence of university–industry collaboration, capitalizing university intellectual property, and new modes in CAD innovation and technology diffusion are among those major findings. A Model is also proposed. The study provides new observations for debates to high-tech policy-makers and can benefit scholars and business managers seeking to understand the environment in China, and serve as a foundation for further policy and management research. 相似文献
7.
A Cross‐Cultural Examination of the Disjuncture Between Aspirations and Expectations/Perceived Outcomes: Strain and Academic Deviance in the United States and Japan 下载免费PDF全文
Using comparable self‐reported survey data collected among college students in the United States (n = 502) and Japan (n = 441), this study examines a paradox of higher academic deviance among otherwise more conforming Japanese youth while revisiting the debate concerning the disjuncture between aspirations and expectations/perceived outcomes in Agnew's general strain theory (GST). Confirming the paradox, our results indicate that Japanese students are significantly more deviant academically than American students. However, contrary to the expectation of GST, but in support of past empirical studies, the higher academic deviance among the Japanese, as compared to Americans, is explained by their lower aspirations, irrespective of the levels of expectations/perceived outcomes 相似文献
8.
9.
Shiro Kobayashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1973,15(1):223-237
Summary A simple mathematical model describing the species-area relation was developed. This paper dealt with the case that discrete
random samples are combined.
Modelling was made on the assumption that the occurrence probability of a species in a quadrat has a continuous density distribution.
The model, given by the equation (6), holds only for a particular size of quadrat (i.e. the characteristic area). More general
form applicable to the quadrats the size of which is near to the characteristic area was represented by the equation (9).
Validity of the model was examined for the data of plant and insect communities, and it was concluded that the observation
can be predicted by the model unless the size of sampling unit considerably differs from the characteristic area.
The uniformity of specific density (i. e. the number of species per quadrat) and the size of characteristic area were discussed
as being important in an understanding of community structure.
Contributions from JIBP-CT No. 144. 相似文献
10.
Social capital online: Collective use of the Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tetsuro Kobayashi Ken'ichi Ikeda Kakuko Miyata 《Information, Communication & Society》2006,9(5):582-611
This article puts the democratic potential of using the Internet into perspective through an analysis of how collective uses of the Internet promote social capital. Research results reveal that social capital online (i.e. trust and reciprocity) is enhanced by involvement in collective use of the Internet such as participation in online communities and use of the Internet among informal groups in everyday life. This process could counter negative aspects of Internet use. Further, accumulated online social capital can be a powerful predictor of online political participation, i.e. online reciprocity has a positive effect on intention to participate in online civic discussion. Finally, the authors' analyses indicate the possibility of a spillover of online social capital into offline arenas. It is concluded that collective use of the Internet can be a lubricant for democracy. 相似文献