从全球公共政策视角审视日本和平宪法、国际法与联合国

从国际公共政策的视点研究日本和平宪法、国际法和联合国之间的关系，可以看到，主要行为主体如国家、国际机构、社会组织、企业等要积极拓展公共政策空间，摆脱美国单边行动主义带来的影响；维护日本和平宪法，不向多国部队派遣自卫队，强调集团自卫权有害无益；从相互依存的多元化的世界现实出发，重新评价国际法，修改国家主权的概念，明确行使武力的基本原则，培养开放、民主的国际体系；重构联合国体系内的合作伙伴关系，使之在和平与安全保障领域发挥积极作用。     

Simultaneous estimation of mortality and dispersal rates of an artificially released population

Mark-recapture methods cannot estimate both mortality and dispersal rates of a wild population simultaneously. However, when an artificially cultured population is released into an area, the initial population size and the initial population distribution are usually known. If artificially cultured individuals are released with marks or distinguished from wild individuals or if no wild individual exists in the study area, we can estimate both the mortality and dispersal rates of the artificial population. The numbers of dispersed and dead individuals are estimated from the dispersal rate from the diffusion model and the total decreasing rate estimated from a mark-recapture data. We can estimate both the time-dependent and time-independent dispersal rates from the data. We choose the best fit model that has the smallest value of Akaike's Information Criteria. We also consider ‘concentric circles approximation” of spatial distribution, in which the cumulative and frequency distributions are analytically obtained.