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1.
Yael Benyamini Maya Lila Molcho Uzi Dan Miri Gozlan Heidi Preis 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(5):424-430
Problem
Rates of medical interventions in childbirth have greatly increased in the Western world.Background
Women’s attitudes affect their birth choices.Aim
To assess women’s attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth and their associations with women’s background as well as their fear of birth and planned and unplanned modes of birth.Methods
This longitudinal observational study included 836 parous woman recruited at women’s health centres and natural birth communities in Israel. All women filled in questionnaires about attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth, fear of birth, and planned birth choices. Women at <28 weeks gestation when filling in the questionnaire were asked to fill in a second one at ~34 weeks. Phone follow-up was conducted ~6 weeks postpartum to assess actual mode of birth.Findings
Attitudes towards medicalization were more positive among younger and less educated women, those who emigrated from the former Soviet Union, and those with a more complicated obstetric background. Baseline attitudes did not differ by parity yet became less positive throughout pregnancy only for primiparae. More positive attitudes were related to greater fear of birth. The attitudes were significantly associated with planned birth choices and predicted emergency caesareans and instrumental births.Discussion
Women form attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth which may still be open to change during the first pregnancy. More favourable attitudes are related to more medical modes of birth, planned and unplanned.Conclusion
Understanding women’s views of childbirth medicalization may be key to understanding their choices and how they affect labour and birth. 相似文献2.
Karni and Safra [8] prove that the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism reveals a decision maker's true certainty equivalent of a lottery if and only if he satisfies the independence axiom. Segal [17] claims that this mechanism may reveal a violation of the reduction of compound lotteries axiom. This paper empirically tests these two interpretations. Our results show that the second interpretation fits better with the collected data. Moreover, we show by means of some nonexpected utility examples that these results are consistent with a wide range of functionals. 相似文献
3.
Franklin D. Wilson Uzi Rebhun Salvador Rivas 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(4):639-659
This study assesses the effect of population change on decade changes in the educational attainments of country of origin
populations in the United States. Our data are derived from decennial censuses, NLMS, the World Bank, and INS. We find that
changes in the share of country of origin populations with one or more years of post-secondary schooling are associated with
selected components of population change during the 1980–1990 and 1990–2000 decades. The specific components include survivors
during the decade, in-migration, and emigration of the foreign-born. Likewise, intra-generational mobility is found to be
an important determinant of changes in educational attainment. The discussion addresses limitations of the data and suggests
directions for future research as well as policy implications. 相似文献
4.
A decision maker's attitude towards risk is said to be of orderi, i=1, 2, if for every given riskē with expected value zero, the risk premium the decision maker is willing to pay to avoid the risktē goes witht to zero at the same order ast i. This article presents an experiment testing the order of decision makers' attitudes toward risk. Its major result is that both attitudes exist, each in significant proportions. Moreover, two classes of first-order behavior are defined. The rank-dependent model (Quiggin, 1982) belongs to one, the disappointment aversion model (Gul, 1991) to the other. We show that only the first of these two classes appears among our subjects. 相似文献
5.
This study applies a relatively new method called ‘co-plot’ to examine the relationships between the 48 contiguous states
of the United States and selected indicators of quality of life in 1970 and 1990, and how these characteristics coincide with
five-year interstate migration rates. The findings show an overall process of polarization of quality of life throughout the
country. Strong similarity was found between states of a given division or region. The states which composed New England,
the Middle Atlantic and the Pacific divisions are located in the strong sector of the socio-economic space. The direction
of migration is toward states of the more external belts of the country. In the second part, multiple regression analysis
was applied revealing a strong effect of economic incentives on migration; over time; migration turns into a widespread phenomenon
among different socio-economic groups, with income becoming less significant as a predictor of interstate migration. 相似文献
6.
The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism is widely used to elicit decision makers' selling prices of lotteries. This mechanism leads, however, to the preference reversal phenomenon, which seemed to indicate nontransitive preferences. To solve this puzzle, Karni and Safra (1987) introduced a new interpretation of this mechanism based on two-stage lotteries without the independence axiom. In this article, we suggest a set of empirically testable hypotheses based on their interpretation of the mechanism. One of these tests can be used to find the utility and the probability transformation functions of an anticipated utility maximizer.This article consists of an earlier paper with a similar title (University of Toronto WP #8809) and the paper Elicitation of Certainty Equivalents and the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak Mechanism. 相似文献
7.
Uzi Rebhun 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2008,24(1):87-113
This article examines gender differences in employment status among immigrants in Israel, and how these differences vary across origin groups. Analysis of the 1995 population census indicates that, all else being equal, immigrant women exert a negative effect on activity in the annual labor force. As time elapses, the probability of immigrant women being employed improves but remains considerably lower than that of both immigrant and native-born men. However, after a few years in the country, immigrant women do close the gap with native-born women. For employment status in the last week, being an immigrant woman has a positive effect on full-time employment. A detailed analysis reveals substantial stratification by country of birth. Thus, the patterns of employment status for immigrant groups can reflect different levels (single, double, and triple) of disadvantage or advantage for women. I attach this stratification to cultural background and social values of country of birth as well as to economic and religious considerations, not fully indexed by the census data. 相似文献
8.
This paper examines how individual characteristics and structural factors have changed in determining Jewish internal migration
in the U.S. between 1985–1990 and 1995–2000. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of the 1990 and 2000 National Jewish
Population Surveys shows that socio-demographic characteristics have both increased their power to explain variation in 5-year
migration and have become more similar for intra- and interstate migration. Further analysis added migration status at the
beginning-of-period, state context of residence characteristics, and ethnic concentration to the explanatory variables. Results
from logistic regression analysis, which was limited to interstate mobility, were very much in accordance with the observations
of the single-level analysis of the socio-demographic variables. Additional findings suggest that previous mobility increases
subsequent interstate migration; that per capita income does not have a meaningful effect on migration; that unemployment
encourages migration (yet later this relationship turned negative); and that warm climate deters migration. The importance
of ethnic concentration has weakened over time albeit maintained statistically significant. Finally, when the two surveys
were integrated into one data set, “time” enhances the tendency of Jews to migrate. The results are discussed in the context
of ethnic diversity in contemporary America.
相似文献
Uzi RebhunEmail: |
9.
The study assesses housing hierarchies among immigrants in Israel by investigating three different but complementary paths: homeownership, crowding, and access to housing goods. Data from the most recent Israeli census in 1995 (the 20% version file) allows us to classify the immigrant population by 46 countries or areas of origin, each meeting the criterion of having a minimum of 100 sample cases. I controlled for several confounding factors: immigration characteristics, community of residence, demographic and human-capital variables, household composition, and housing characteristics. The results of multivariate analyses suggest that membership in approximately half of the immigrant groups has a statistically significant effect on homeownership. Representing very different origin groups from developing countries in Asia and Africa, as well as developed areas in Western Europe and America, most of the effects are negative relative to the reference group of Polish Jews. The pace of home acquisition is fastest among immigrants from several former Soviet republics and slowest among Syrian and Ethiopian Israelis. A better ethnic hierarchy was found for the other two characteristics, crowding and housing goods, with immigrants from Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe being at a disadvantage. Many of these gaps close as immigrants purchase housing and gain tenure in Israel. The pace of advancement, however, is not uniform. I speculate that the differences in pace reflect structural characteristics, cultural background, and immigration processes, as well as absorption policy, which were not fully indexed by the census data. The discussion addresses broader implications of the findings for ethnic differences and social stratification in immigration countries. 相似文献
10.
The measure representation: A correction 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Uzi Segal 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1993,6(1):99-107
Wakker (1991) and Puppe (1990) point out a mistake in theorem 1 in Segal (1989). This theorem deals with representing preference relations over lotteries by the measure of their epigraphs. An error in the theorem is that it gives wrong conditions concerning the continuity of the measure. This article corrects the error. Another problem is that the axioms do not imply that the measure is bounded; therefore, the measure representation applies only to subsets of the space of lotteries, although these subsets can become arbitrarily close to the whole space of lotteries. Some additional axioms (Segal, 1989, 1990) implying that the measure is a product measure (and hence anticipated utility) also guarantee that the measure is bounded. 相似文献