对认识论中女性主义视角的进一步反思

女性主义对西方传统认识论的批评,主要涉及到知识与表述的问题、知识与理性的中立性、男权的影响和客观性的概念。女性主义对知识构成和认识论的看法,关联着两个有影响力的女性主义立场,即女性主义经验论和女性主义立场论。对这些女性主义观点所遇到的问题、困难和批评的进一步反思,都围绕着一个中心问题:"所谓的‘女性主义认识论’是否可能?"     

Social and economic factors in Hong Kong's fertility decline

Abstract In both developed and underdeveloped areas, many attempts have been made to alter the course of fertility through family planning intervention. Doubtless the availability of such services facilitates birth control for those who already desire to use it. Whether or not such exogenous interventions have any independent effect upon the operation of endogenous forces in the economy and society is, however, more problematical. Where fertility declines have been observed, family planning services have often been made widely available only after the decline in fertility had already set in. Nonetheless, observers have often attempted to attribute some fraction of the continuing decline in fertility to the operation of family planning activities. One especially notable case is that of Hong Kong, which provides some of the more persuasive evidence about the independent effects of family planning intervention.