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Wiji Arulampalam Robin A. Naylor Jeremy P. Smith 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2004,167(1):157-178
Summary. From individual level longitudinal data for two entire cohorts of medical students in UK universities, we use multilevel models to analyse the probability that an individual student will drop out of medical school. We find that academic preparedness—both in terms of previous subjects studied and levels of attainment therein—is the major influence on withdrawal by medical students. Additionally, males and more mature students are more likely to withdraw than females or younger students respectively. We find evidence that the factors influencing the decision to transfer course differ from those affecting the decision to drop out for other reasons. 相似文献
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Using longitudinal data from the British National Child Development Study, this paper examines gender differences in the
determinants of work-related training. The analysis covers a crucial decade in the working lives of this 1958 birth cohort
of young men and women – the years spanning the ages of 23 to 33. Hurdle negative binomial models are used to estimate the
number of work-related training events lasting at least three days. This approach takes into account the fact that more than
half the men and two thirds of the women in the sample experienced no work-related training lasting three or more days over
the period 1981 to 1991. Our analysis suggests that reliance on work-related training to improve the skills of the work force
will result in an increase in the skills of the already educated, but will not improve the skills of individuals entering
the labor market with relatively low levels of education.
JEL classification: C25, I21, J24.
Received February 9, 1996/Accepted August 14, 1996 相似文献
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This paper reports an analysis of micro-data for India that shows a high correlation in infant mortality among siblings. In 13 of 15 states, we identify a causal effect of infant death on the risk of infant death of the subsequent sibling (a scarring effect), after controlling for mother-level heterogeneity. The scarring effects are large, the only other covariate with a similarly large effect being mother's (secondary or higher) education. The two states in which evidence of scarring is weak are Punjab, the richest, and Kerala, the socially most progressive. The size of the scarring effect depends upon the sex of the previous child in three states, in a direction consistent with son-preference. Evidence of scarring implies that policies targeted at reducing infant mortality will have social multiplier effects by helping avoid the death of subsequent siblings. Comparison of other covariate effects across the states offers some interesting new insights. 相似文献
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Wiji Arulampalam Sonia Bhalotra 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2006,169(4):829-848
Summary. Data from a range of environments indicate that the incidence of death is not randomly distributed across families but, rather, that there is a clustering of death among siblings. A natural explanation of this would be that there are (observed or unobserved) differences across families, e.g. in genetic frailty, education or living standards. Another hypothesis that is of considerable interest for both theory and policy is that there is a causal process whereby the death of a child influences the risk of death of the succeeding child in the family. Drawing language from the literature on the economics of unemployment, the causal effect is referred to here as state dependence (or scarring). The paper investigates the extent of state dependence in India, distinguishing this from family level risk factors that are common to siblings. It offers some methodological innovations on previous research. Estimates are obtained for each of three Indian states, which exhibit dramatic differences in socio-economic and demographic variables. The results suggest a significant degree of state dependence in each of the three regions. Eliminating scarring, it is estimated, would reduce the incidence of infant mortality (among children who are born after the first child) by 9.8% in the state of Uttar Pradesh, 6.0% in West Bengal and 5.9% in Kerala. 相似文献
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This paper reports an analysis of micro-data for India that shows a high correlation in infant mortality among siblings. In 13 of 15 states, we identify a causal effect of infant death on the risk of infant death of the subsequent sibling (a scarring effect), after controlling for mother-level heterogeneity. The scarring effects are large, the only other covariate with a similarly large effect being mother's (secondary or higher) education. The two states in which evidence of scarring is weak are Punjab, the richest, and Kerala, the socially most progressive. The size of the scarring effect depends upon the sex of the previous child in three states, in a direction consistent with son-preference. Evidence of scarring implies that policies targeted at reducing infant mortality will have social multiplier effects by helping avoid the death of subsequent siblings. Comparison of other covariate effects across the states offers some interesting new insights. 相似文献
6.
Recent studies have used quantile regression (QR) techniques to estimate the impact of education on the location, scale and
shape of the conditional wage distribution. We conduct a similar investigation of the role of work-related training. We utilise
both ordinary least squares and QR techniques to estimate associations between work-related training and wages for private
sector men in ten European Union countries. For the majority of countries, the association between training and hourly wages
varies little across the conditional wage distribution. However, there are considerable differences across countries in mean
associations between training and wages. 相似文献
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