李大钊早期思想中的日本因素——以茅原华山为例

李大钊早期著作充满着复杂性和神秘性。长期以来,有很多学者提出了各种各样的解释来试图阐明他早期思想的特色及来源。笔者经过考察发现,对李大钊的早期思想产生最大最直接影响的是日本评论家茅原华山的一系列著作。更具体地说,以《青春》为代表的李大钊著作所表现出的时间观、历史观、文明观,是直接受了茅原华山的《悲壮精神》、《人类生活史》及其主办的《第三帝国》杂志的影响。李大钊早期著作所具有的茫漠及难解,也只是所依据的茅原华山著作的茫漠性及难解性的反映。李大钊的早期思想与茅原华山的奇异交错,给我们分析中国1910年代思想史提供了一个有利的暗示,即1910年代的中国知识分子卷入到同时代的世界思潮中,并与世界思潮紧紧结合在一起。     

东汉末年的荆州与诸葛亮、王肃

东汉末年的荆州,兴起了具有与此前儒教不同特点的新儒教－荆州学。它的形成不仅缘于宋忠、綦毋闿等刘表集团的内部成员,同时也包括了司马徽、庞德公等在野的名士。在这样广泛的交友关系中成立的荆州学到底具有怎样的特征。又是为何诞生于荆州？修习了荆州学的诸葛亮在刘备处仕官,最终在蜀汉建国过程中起到了重大作用。荆州学又在诸葛亮的思想里占据了怎样的地位？此外,在经学上师承宋忠的王肃对汉代经学的集大成者郑玄进行了全面的否定和批判。荆州学是经过了怎样的演变才出现了王肃反郑的现象？     

ON PREDICTING COMPUTATIONAL TIME OF A BRANCH AND BOUND ALGORITHM FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF FACILITIES

Experience with branch and bound algorithms indicates that computational time is a function of not only the size of the problem, but also the nature of the input data. This paper formulates statistically-based variables which describe certain characteristics of the input data and experimentally evaluates their ability to predict computational time for one branch and bound algorithm, the relative location of facilities or “plant layout” problem. Results suggest that the described experimental procedure may be useful for an a priori assessment of the computational difficulty of specific branch and bound problems.     

Changes in fertility in Japan by region: 1920–1965

Changes in fertility for the 46 prefectures of Japan are traced from 1920 to 1965, using census and vital statistics. During the period, substantial declines were recorded in both marital-fertility levels and the proportions of women of childbearing age who were married. Regional variation is pronounced in the timing of the onset of the decline in marital fertility. Only in the most industrialized districts did marital fertility begin to fall before 1950; thereafter, sharp declines were recorded in all parts of Japan. The marriage proportion, in contrast, was falling rather steadily throughout the islands between 1920 and 1950, after which the proportion stabilized. The decline in overall fertility that occurred before 1950was caused, then, primarily by a reduction in the proportion married; only after 1950 did a decline in marital fertility become a. major factor. The time pattern of change in marital-fertility levels and proportions married for Japan differs from that observed in western Europe, where low proportions married are recorded in the earliest national censuses. Apparently a fall in proportions married in western Europe preceded by one or two centuries the major sustained declines in marital fertility that were part of the so-called demographic transition.     

ON ESTIMATION OF LONG-MEMORY TIME SERIES MODELS

This paper discusses estimation associated with the long-memory time series models proposed by Granger & Joyeux (1980) and Hosking (1981). We consider the maximum likelihood estimator and the least squares estimator. Certain regularity conditions introduced by several authors to develop the asymptotic theory of these estimators do not hold in this model. However we can show that these estimators are strongly consistent, and we derive the limiting distribution and the rate of convergence.     

晚清"睡狮"形象探源

在20世纪初,"睡狮"、"醒狮"成为中国士人普遍接受的一个象征性说法.最近几年来,随着中国在政治、经济上的崛起,"睡狮/醒狮"形象作为洗雪近百年屈辱的民族主义情绪符号,再次引起人们热议.不过,清末"睡狮"说的起源还有待进一步探讨.笔者在涉猎了众多资料后,发现"睡狮"形象最早是在戊戌时期由梁启超创造出来的.值得一提的是,当时梁提出的"睡狮"实际上是指弗兰肯斯坦之怪物.梁之所以作这样的解释,是因为他受天津<国闻报>的一篇文章(和严复按语)的启发而把弗兰肯斯坦误解为状如狮子的人造机巧怪物."睡狮"说的发生过程可能是:梁启超在戊戌变法时期,对其间接得到的有关吴士礼(Wolse-ley)、弗兰肯斯坦之怪物的知识,发挥想象力与其读过的曾纪泽的<中国先睡后醒论>结合起来,于1898-1899年创造出来的.与我们现在的常识不同,在那之前外国没有称中国为"睡狮"的例子.应该说,清末"睡狮"形象急速而广泛的传播是基于梁启超创造、发明的"睡狮"而出现的文化现象.中国="睡狮"(Sleeping Lion)这个表述,首先是在清末中国人之间迅速流行,然后才流传到包括日本在内的外国舆论界的.     

Fourier analysis of irregularly spaced data on Rd

Summary.  The purpose of the paper is to propose a frequency domain approach for irregularly spaced data on R ^d . We extend the original definition of a periodogram for time series to that for irregularly spaced data and define non-parametric and parametric spectral density estimators in a way that is similar to the classical approach. Introduction of the mixed asymptotics, which are one of the asymptotics for irregularly spaced data, makes it possible to provide asymptotic theories to the spectral estimators. The asymptotic result for the parametric estimator is regarded as a natural extension of the classical result for regularly spaced data to that for irregularly spaced data. Empirical studies are also included to illustrate the frequency domain approach in comparisons with the existing spatial and frequency domain approaches.     

A Comparative Study of Homelessness in the United Kingdom and Japan

This article describes the problem of homelessness in Japan, and contrasts the status of the problem between the United Kingdom and Japan. Demographic characteristics of the homeless, including age and gender, vary across the two countries (for example, there are very few homeless women in Japan). Factors contributing to the development of homelessness in each country are discussed and contrasted. Differences in social welfare systems may be the primary contributor to differences in the apparent rates of homelessness and the conditions that the homeless must endure across the two nations. Housing and homeless policy in Japan are discussed in depth.