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1.
The Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and ensuing government crackdown affected Chinese nationals not only at home but also around the world. The U.S. government responded to the events in China by enacting multiple measures to protect Chinese nationals present in the United States. It first suspended all forced departures among Chinese nationals present in the country as of June 1989 and later gave them authorization to work legally. The Chinese Student Protection Act, passed in October 1992, made those Chinese nationals eligible for lawful permanent resident status. These actions applied to about 80,000 Chinese nationals residing in the United States on student or other temporary visas or illegally. Receiving permission to work legally and then a green card is likely to have affected recipients’ labor market outcomes. This study uses 1990 and 2000 census data to examine employment and earnings among Chinese immigrants who were likely beneficiaries of the U.S. government’s actions. Relative to immigrants from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea – countries not covered by the post‐Tiananmen immigration policy measures – highly educated immigrants from mainland China experienced significant employment and earnings gains during the 1990s. Chinese immigrants who arrived in the U.S in time to benefit from the measures also had higher relative earnings in 2000 than Chinese immigrants who arrived too late to benefit. The results suggest that getting legal work status and then a green card has a significant positive effect on skilled migrants’ labor market outcomes. 相似文献
2.
Madeline Zavodny 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(4):369-389
It is well-known that married men earn more than comparable single men, with typical estimates of the male marriage premium
in the range of 10–20%. Some research also finds that cohabiting men earn more than men not living with a female partner.
This study uses data from the General Social Survey and the National Health and Social Life Survey to examine whether a similar
premium accrues to gay men who live with a male partner and whether cohabiting gay men have different observable characteristics
than non-cohabiting gay men. Controlling for observable characteristics, cohabiting gay men do not earn significantly more
than other gay men or more than unmarried heterosexual men. Cohabiting heterosexual men also do not earn more than non-cohabiting
heterosexual men.
相似文献
Madeline ZavodnyEmail: |
3.
This study uses data from the 1980 and 1990 Census and the 1994–2000 Current Population Survey to examine the determinants of earnings among male Cuban immigrants in the U.S. by race. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants earn about 15 percent less than whites, on average. Much of the racial wage gap is due to differences in educational attainment, age at migration, and years in the U.S., but the gap remains at almost 4 percent after controlling for such factors. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants also have lower returns to education than whites. A comparison to white, non-Hispanic U.S. natives indicates that nonwhite Cubans not only earn less initially than white Cubans on arrival in the U.S., but also do not significantly close the racial earnings gap over time. 相似文献
4.
The impact of welfare reform on marriage and divorce 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The goal of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was to end needy parents' dependence on governmental benefits, in part by promoting marriage. The prereform welfare system was widely believed to discourage marriage because it provided benefits primarily to single mothers. However, welfare reform may have actually decreased the incentives to be married by giving women greater financial independence via the program's new emphasis on work. This article uses vital statistics data on marriages and divorces during 1989-2000 to examine the role of welfare reform (state waivers and implementation of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) and other state-level variables on flows into and out of marriage. The results indicate that welfare reform has led to fewer new divorces and fewer new marriages, although the latter result is sensitive to specification and the choice of data. 相似文献
5.
Is the male marriage premium due to selection? The effect of shotgun weddings on the return to marriage 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
In standard cross-sectional wage regressions, married men appear to earn 10 to 20% more than comparable never married men.
One proposed explanation for this male marriage premium is that men may be selected into marriage on the basis of characteristics
valued by employers as well as by spouses or because they earn high wages. This paper examines the selection hypothesis by
focusing on shotgun weddings, which may make marital status uncorrelated with earnings ability. We compare the estimated marriage
premium between white men whose first marriages are soon followed by a birth and other married white men in the United States.
The return to marriage differs little for married men with a premarital conception and other married men, and the results
suggest that at most 10% of the estimated marriage premium is due to selection.
Received: 19 June 1998/Accepted: 10 July 2000 相似文献
6.
This article examines whether mass legalization programs reduce future undocumented immigration. We focus on the effects of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, which granted amnesty to nearly 2.7 million undocumented immigrants. We report that apprehensions of persons attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border illegally declined immediately following passage of the law but returned to normal levels during the period when undocumented immigrants could file for amnesty and the years thereafter. Our findings suggest that the amnesty program did not change long-term patterns of undocumented immigration from Mexico. 相似文献
7.
8.
Objective. This article examines whether there are differences in men's and women's use of the Internet and whether any such gender gaps have changed in recent years. Methods. We use data from several surveys during the period 1997–2001 to show trends in Internet usage and to estimate regression models of Internet usage that control for individuals' socioeconomic characteristics. Results. Women were significantly less likely than men to use the Internet at all in the mid–1990s, but this gender gap in being online disappeared by 2000. However, once online, women remain less frequent and less intense users of the Internet. Conclusions. There is little reason for concern about sex inequalities in Internet access and usage now, but gender differences in frequency and intensity of Internet usage remain. 相似文献
9.
Recent media and government reports suggest that immigrants are more likely to hold jobs with poor working conditions than
U.S.-born workers, perhaps because immigrants work in jobs that “ natives don’t want.” Despite this widespread view, earlier
studies have not found immigrants to be in riskier jobs than natives. This study combines individual-level data from the 2003-2005
American Community Survey with Bureau of Labor Statistics data on work-related injuries and fatalities to take a fresh look
at whether foreign-born workers are employed in more dangerous jobs. The results indicate that immigrants are in fact more
likely to work in risky jobs than U.S.-born workers, partly due to differences in average characteristics, such as immigrants’
lower English-language ability and educational attainment. 相似文献
10.
Madeline Zavodny 《Economic inquiry》2003,41(2):264-278
This analysis uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth during the period 1980–98 to examine the relationship between the likelihood that a worker remains at the same job for two years and several measures of technology usage at the industry level. The relationship between job separation and technology usage is generally negative. Quits (not involuntary job loss) generally account for the negative relationship between job separation and technology. Some results suggest that less educated workers are more likely than college graduates to lose jobs in technology-intensive industries. 相似文献