The Limits of Black Politics in the Post–Civil Rights Era

Pluralist theorists have long contended that to exercise power and influence in the American political system, blacks should come together like any other organized interest group, form coalitions with other like-minded people (white liberals), and advocate for policy reforms. Beginning during the “Black Power” era, the goal of putting black faces in high places to help address black concerns became a driving force in black politics. The deteriorating social and economic status of many in the black community, however, has not been prevented by either the political incorporation of more than 11,000 black elected officials or even the election of the nation’s first black president. This article will show how the inherent limitations of the pluralist interest-group strategy and a growing white backlash fueled by an awareness of changing demographics in the country has spawned an economic and political crisis in black America.     

经济发展中的小经济问题

小经济的背后是一个深刻的社会成本和机会成本问题,它在教育产业化、医疗市场化、房地产业以及国家垄断经营行业中尤为突出。其存在的根源在于经济体制问题以及公众的发言权和监督权还未真正落实到位。小经济对国民大经济发展和社会主义和谐社会建设带来严重的负面影响,解决小经济问题应利用现代公共治理理念规范政府行为,利用统一的税收和财政支出规范并调节政府各部门的利益;赋予公民监督和参与决策的权利,培养公众的参与意识;在垄断部门适当地引进市场竞争,使之更好地服务社会。